Bahamas Biodiversity: Dabbobi da Tsirrai da Abin da ke ƙarƙashin Barazana

Bahamas gida ne ga tsararru masu ban sha'awa dabbobi da nau'in shuka, tare da wasu daga cikinsu suna fuskantar barazana ga rayuwarsu. Masu arziki bambancin rayuwa na wannan tsibiri, wanda ya ƙunshi tsibirai sama da 700, cays, da duwatsu, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "mafi zafi" a yankin Caribbean.

Maɓallin Takeaways:

• Tsibirin Bahamas sun kai kusan mil 100,000 kuma sun ƙunshi nau'ikan ruwa da na ƙasa. yan adam.
• Muhallin ruwa, gami da murjani reefs da kamun kifi, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa da kuma samar da muhimman ayyuka.
• Bahamas tana da kusan kashi 1% na jimlar ƙasarta a ƙarƙashin wani nau'i na kariya, tare da 58 wuraren kariya domin kiyayewa da kuma ] orewar amfani.
• Sama da nau'ikan tsire-tsire na furanni 1,350 an bayyana su a cikin Bahamas, tare da kusan kashi 9% na su suna cikin yankin.
• Babban barazana ga bambancin halittu a cikin Bahamas sun haɗa da canjin yanayi, halakar wurin zama, gurbatawa, nau'in cin zarafi, da yawan girbi.
• Bahamas ta aiwatar da Tsarin Tsarin Halittu na Ƙasa da Tsarin Ayyuka (NBSAP) don jagora kokarin kiyayewa da kuma inganta yanayin rayuwa a kasar.

Daban-daban Flora da Fauna na Bahamas

Bahamas yana alfahari da nau'ikan iri iri-iri flora da fauna, tare da wadatar tsiro da nau'in dabbobi suna kiran waɗannan tsibiran gida. Tsibirin ya ƙunshi tsibirai sama da 700, cays, da duwatsu da aka bazu a Tekun Atlantika. Yankin, an yi la'akari da a yanayin rayuwa, An san shi don wadataccen yanayin marine, babban pine gandun daji, kuma daban-daban yankuna.

Mahalli na ruwa sun rufe wani muhimmin yanki na Bahamas, tare da Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman (EEZ) wanda ya kai nisan murabba'in mil 260,000. Waɗannan ruwan suna tallafawa hanyar sadarwar abinci mai faɗi, kama daga plankton zuwa manyan nau'ikan dabbobin daji kamar marlin shuɗi da katuwar tuna. Babban Bankin Bahama da Ƙananan Bankin Bahama gida ne ga manyan murjani reefs, waɗanda ke rufe kusan 2.2% na tsohon da 324 km2 na ƙarshen. Yayin da rafukan da ke kusa da tsibiran da suka ci gaba sun ɗan samu raguwa, gaba ɗaya, murjani reefs a cikin Bahamas suna cikin yanayi mai kyau.

A cikin ƙasa, Bahamas gida ne ga kusan nau'ikan ciyayi 1,350 na furanni da ferns, tare da kusan kashi 9% na waɗannan nau'ikan suna da yawa. Tsibiran kuma suna tallafawa nau'ikan tsararru iri-iri namun daji, ciki har da nau'in tsuntsaye masu kiwo guda 57, dabbobi masu rarrafe 53, masu rarrafe 5, da nau'in kifi 248. Bugu da ƙari, Bahamas sananne ne ga yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, tare da rubuta nau'ikan nau'ikan 24 a cikin ruwanta.

Don kare wannan nau'in nau'in halittu na musamman, Bahamas ya kafa yankuna 58 masu kariya, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 1% na ƙasar ƙasa baki ɗaya. Waɗannan yankuna sun haɗa da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda 10 da kuma ajiyar ruwa guda uku, jimlar kusan kadada 154,011. Waɗannan yankunan da aka karewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye yanayin halittu da nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake samu a cikin Bahamas.

Tebur: Dabbobin Tsirrai a cikin Bahamas

Sunan Kimiyya	Sunan Common
Cyperus correllii

Magana: Eric Carey, Babban Darakta na Bahamas National Trust

“Cibiyoyin cin zarafi musamman sun shafi ƙananan ƙasashen tsibiri. Bayan batutuwan sauyin yanayi, masu mamayewa suna wakiltar watakila mafi munin barazana ga tattalin arzikin tsibiri da su ci gaban ci gaba. "

Duk da ɗimbin ɗimbin halittu a Bahamas, akwai kuma babbar barazana ga flora da fauna. Ana ɗaukar canjin yanayi a matsayin mafi girman barazana, tare da hauhawar matakan teku da kuma ƙarin rauni ga bala'o'i na bala'i. Sauran ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da ɗan adam, kamar lalata wuraren zama, gurɓatawa, da shigar da nau'ikan ɓarna, suma suna haifar da haɗari ga Bahamian mara ƙarfi. yanayi.

Ana kokarin magance wadannan barazanar da ingantawa kiyaye halittu a cikin Bahamas. Kasar ta bullo da wani tsari da tsare-tsare da tsare-tsare na biodiversity na kasa (NBSAP) don jagorantar ayyukan kiyayewa. Bugu da ƙari, ana ci gaba da tsare-tsare don sarrafa nau'ikan ɓarna da kuma kare ɗimbin halittu na asali ta hanyar ingantattun dabaru da ayyukan gudanarwa masu ƙarfi.

Gabaɗaya, kiyaye flora da fauna na Bahamas na da mahimmanci ga ƙasar asalin al'adu, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da dorewar muhalli. Ci gaba da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da kafa wuraren da aka karewa suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dorewar rayuwa na ɗimbin halittu da nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ke sa Bahamas ya zama makoma ta musamman.

Barazana ga Diversity a Bahamas

Abin takaici, bambancin halittu na Bahamas yana fuskantar barazana daga abubuwa daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da babban kalubale ga rayuwarta na dogon lokaci. Tsibiri na Bahamas gida ne ga nau'ikan tsire-tsire da nau'ikan dabbobi iri-iri, waɗanda yawancinsu na musamman ne ga yankin. Koyaya, waɗannan nau'ikan suna fuskantar barazanar da yawa waɗanda ke yin illa ga wanzuwarsu.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazana ga ɗimbin halittu a Bahamas shine sauyin yanayi. Tare da kashi 80% na fadin kasar a tsakanin mita 1.5 na hawan teku, hauhawar yanayin teku da kuma karuwar karfin guguwa suna da matukar tasiri ga muhallin Bahamiyya mai rauni da wadataccen halittu. Canjin yanayi na iya haifar da bleaching na murjani, yana tasiri ga kiwon lafiya na murjani reefs, waxanda suke da mahimmancin muhallin halittu masu goyan bayan nau'in nau'in ruwa iri-iri.

Rushewar matsuguni da rarrabuwar kawuna suma babbar barazana ce ga bambancin halittu. Haɓaka saurin bunƙasa yawon buɗe ido, noma, da Urbanization ya haifar da asara da wargajewar muhallin halitta. Wannan asarar wurin zama yana da illa tasiri on nau'in asali, musamman waɗanda suka dogara da takamaiman yanayin muhalli, kamar Bahama Nuthatch da Bahama Oriole.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, gurɓataccen yanayi, da aka ƙaddamar da nau'in baƙon masu cin zarafi, da yawan girbi suna ba da gudummawa ga raguwar bambancin halittu a cikin Bahamas. Lalacewa, gami da tarkacen ruwa da gurɓataccen abu, na iya tarwatsa yanayin muhalli da cutarwa rayuwar marine. Dabbobi masu cin zarafi, irin su Red Lionfish da Cane Toad, sun fi ƙarfin jinsunan asali don albarkatu kuma suna rushewa. ma'aunin muhalli. Yin girbi fiye da kima, musamman a cikin kamun kifi, na iya haifar da raguwar kifin da kuma wargaza duk gidajen abinci na ruwa.

Barazana ga Diversity a Bahamas

Barazana	misalan
Climate Change	Hawan matakan teku, bleaching murjani, da tsananin guguwa
Halakar Gida	Ƙarfafa birane, bunƙasa yawon buɗe ido, faɗaɗa aikin gona
Yankuna Masu Yawo	Red Lionfish, Cane Toad
gurbatawa	tarkacen ruwa, gurɓatattun abubuwa
Yawan girbi	Rushewar kifin kifi

“Cibiyoyin cin zarafi musamman sun shafi ƙananan ƙasashen tsibiri. Bayan batutuwan sauyin yanayi, masu mamayewa suna wakiltar watakila mafi mahimmancin barazana ga tattalin arzikin tsibiri da ci gabansu mai dorewa." – Eric Carey, Babban Darakta na Bahamas National Trust (BNT)

Ana ci gaba da kokarin shawo kan wadannan barazanar da kuma kare halittun Bahamas. Bahamas ta kafa yankuna 58 masu kariya, jimlar kusan kashi 1% na yankin ƙasarta, don adanawa da sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa. Waɗannan wuraren da aka karewa sun haɗa da yanayin ƙasa da na ruwa, suna kiyaye mahimman wuraren zama ga nau'ikan jinsuna da yawa.

Don inganta aiwatar of matakan kiyayewa, Bahamas sun haɓaka Dabarun Dabarun Halittu na Ƙasa da Tsarin Aiki (NBSAP). NBSAP na da burin inganta rayuwa, adana albarkatun halittu, inganta wayar da kan jama'a, da tabbatar da tallafin kudi don kokarin kiyaye halittu. Hukumar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Bahamas (BEST) da Ma'aikatar Muhalli ne ke da alhakin aiwatarwa da kuma lura da nasarorin da NBSAP ta samu.

Kiyaye bambancin halittu na Bahamas na da mahimmanci ga ci gaba da lafiyar halittunta, alheri na mutanenta, da kuma kiyayewa al'adun gargajiya na tsibiran. Ta hanyar ayyukan ci gaba mai dorewa, ingantattun dabarun kiyayewa, da wayar da kan jama'a, yana yiwuwa a karewa da adana ɗimbin halittun Bahamas don zuriya masu zuwa.

Tushen: Bayanan Bayanin Ƙasa // Babban Cikakkun bayanai, Ƙananan jihohin tsibiri irin su Bahamas suna da rauni musamman ga mamayar da ba na asali ko baƙon jinsuna, IUCN Red List.

Diversity na Marine a cikin Bahamas

Yanayin Marine a cikin Bahamas suna da alaƙa da ingantattun bambance-bambance na jinsuna, suna sa baspot don bambancin halittun ruwan teku. Tsibirin, wanda ya ƙunshi tsibirai sama da 700, cays, da duwatsu, gida ne ga ɗimbin ɗimbin halittun ruwa na musamman waɗanda ke tallafawa nau'ikan tsirrai da rayuwar dabbobi.

Bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Kan Bambance-bambancen Halittu, muhallin ruwa a cikin Bahamas ya ƙunshi wani yanki mai mahimmanci na yankin ƙasar, tare da Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman (EEZ) wanda ya kai murabba'in mil 260,000. Wannan yanki mai faɗin ya ƙunshi tsibirai, bankuna, raƙuman ruwa, hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki, da kuma kamun kifi, yana samar da hadaddun cibiyar sadarwa na wuraren zama.

Bahamas tana alfahari da yanayin yanayin ruwa iri-iri, gami da murjani reefs, gadaje ciyayi, da dazuzzukan mangrove. Coral reefs sun rufe kusan kashi 2.2% na Babban Bankin Bahama kuma gabaɗaya suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, kodayake an sami raguwa kusa da tsibiran da suka ci gaba da yawan jama'a. Wadannan reefs suna tallafawa nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa iri-iri, daga kyawawan kifin reef zuwa manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan Nassau.

Yankunan Kare Ruwa a cikin Bahamas

Don kiyaye bambancin halittun ruwa na Bahamas, ƙasar ta kafa da yawa wuraren kariya na ruwa. Wadannan wuraren da aka karewa sun kai kusan kadada 154,011 kuma sun hada da wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda 10 da matsugunan ruwa guda uku. Waɗannan yankuna suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyayewa da sarrafa yanayin yanayin ruwa, tabbatar da dorewar amfani da albarkatu da kuma kare nau'ikan masu rauni.

Ɗayan sanannen yanki mai kariya na ruwa a cikin Bahamas shine Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park, wanda shine irinsa na farko a duniya. Wannan wurin shakatawa yana da nisan mil 176 kuma ya ƙunshi wuraren zama na ƙasa da na ruwa. Gida ne ga yalwar rayuwar ruwa, gami da murjani reefs, gadaje na ciyawa, da mangroves, suna ba da mafaka don nau'in cutarwa kamar sarauniya conch da kunkuru hawksbill.

Gabaɗaya, the marine biodiversity a cikin Bahamas wata kadara ce mai daraja ta halitta wacce ke buƙatar karewa da kiyayewa. Ta hanyar kafa wuraren kariya na ruwa da aiwatar da su ayyuka masu dorewa, Bahamas na iya ci gaba da kiyaye yanayin yanayin ruwa na musamman da kuma tabbatar da dorewar dogon lokaci na ɗimbin ɗimbin halittunta.

Diversity na Marine a cikin Bahamas	Wuraren Kare a Bahamas
Wadataccen nau'in nau'in marine	10 National Parks da uku marine reserves
Halin yanayin ruwa na musamman	Kimanin kadada 154,011 na wuraren da aka kariya
Ya hada da murjani reefs, gadaje ciyayi, da mangroves	Exuma Cays Landasa da Filin Tekun
Kariya da kiyaye nau'ikan m	Amfani mai dorewa na albarkatun ruwa

"Yanayin Marine a cikin Bahamas suna da alaƙa da ingantattun bambance-bambancen jinsin halitta, suna sanya shi da hotspot don bambancin marine."

Ƙoƙarin Kiyayewa da Wuraren Kare

Gane da muhimmancin na kiyaye ɗimbin halittu masu daraja na Bahamas, an yi ƙoƙari sosai don aiwatar da matakan kiyayewa, gami da samar da wuraren kariya. Bahamas tana da kusan kashi 1% na ƙasarta ta ƙasa ƙarƙashin wani nau'i na kariya, tare da wuraren kariya 58 a duk faɗin ƙasar don kiyayewa, amfani mai dorewa, da gudanarwa.

Waɗannan wuraren da aka karewa sun ƙunshi nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da muhallin ruwa, wuraren dausayi, dazuzzukan pine, da murjani reefs. Marine wuraren kariya a cikin Bahamas ya rufe kusan kadada 154,011 kuma an baje shi a kan wuraren shakatawa na kasa 10 da kuma ajiyar ruwa uku. Waɗannan wuraren da aka karewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye nau'ikan halittun ruwa na Bahamas, suna tallafawa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan daga plankton zuwa marlin shuɗi da katon tuna.

Baya ga wuraren da ke da kariya daga ruwa, akwai kuma ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na karewa da kiyaye yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Bahamas yana da mahimman wuraren dausayi, waɗanda suka ƙunshi kashi 40% na yankin ƙasar, kama daga ƴan ƴan ɓangarorin bakin teku zuwa ɗimbin wuraren dausayi mai zurfi da manyan tsarin raƙuman ruwa. Waɗannan wuraren dausayi suna ba da mahimman wuraren zama ga nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi iri-iri.

Wuraren Kare a Bahamas

Yanki mai kariya	type	Girman (hectare)
Andros West Side National Park	National Park	190,000
Exuma Cays Landasa da Filin Tekun	National Park	176,000
Lucayan National Park	National Park	16,641
Pelican Cays Land da Sea Park	National Park	5,000
Abaco National Park	National Park	18,283
Peterson Cay National Park	National Park	1
Exuma Land and Sea Park	Marine Reserve	45,000
North Shore Environmental Park	Marine Reserve	5,000

Waɗannan wuraren da aka karewa ba wai kawai suna zama mafaka ga namun daji ba har ma suna ba da dama ga baƙi su dandana da kuma jin daɗin bambancin halittu na Bahamas. Kafa wuraren kariya yana nuna jajircewar Bahamas na kiyaye ta gadon halitta don tsararraki masu zuwa kuma yana nuna mahimmancin ayyukan muhalli masu dorewa.

A ƙarshe, Bahamas na himmantuwa cikin ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da kafa wuraren da aka karewa don kiyaye ɗimbin halittunta. Waɗannan yunƙurin suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da dorewar rayuwa ta musamman na tsire-tsire da nau'in dabbobin da aka samu a cikin Bahamas da kuma kiyaye ma'aunin muhalli na yanayin halittu daban-daban.

Kiyaye Bambance-bambancen Halitta na Bahamas

Daban-daban yanayin halittu da namun daji da ake samu a cikin Bahamas suna da kima kuma dole ne a kiyaye su don tsararraki masu zuwa don jin daɗi da godiya. Tare da fiye da tsibirai 700, cays, da duwatsu sun bazu a kan murabba'in mil 100,000 na Tekun Atlantika, Bahamas gida ne ga ɗimbin ɗimbin halittu waɗanda suka haɗa da nau'ikan tsirrai da nau'ikan dabbobi iri-iri.

Muhallin teku na Bahamas suna da mahimmanci musamman, sun mamaye yanki mai faɗi da samar da ayyukan yi, abinci, da sabis na nishaɗi. Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman (EEZ) na Bahamas ya kai murabba'in mil 260,000 kuma yana riƙe da hadadden hanyar sadarwa na abinci, daga plankton zuwa manyan kifaye masu farauta. Ruwan ruwa na Bahamian, wanda ya mamaye kashi 2.2% na Babban Bankin Bahama da murabba'in kilomita 324 na Babban Bankin Bahama, gabaɗaya suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, kodayake wasu yankuna kusa da tsibiran da suka ci gaba sun sami raguwar murjani.

A kan ƙasa, Bahamas suna alfahari da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, gami da dazuzzukan pine, wuraren dausayi, da yankunan bakin teku. Dausayi, wanda ke da kashi 40% na yanki, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yan adam, tare da dausayi na ciki da na bakin teku suna tallafawa nau'ikan tsirrai da na dabbobi. Har ila yau ƙasar tana gida ne ga nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu yawa, tare da kusan kashi 9% na nau'in tsiron da aka samu a cikin Bahamas na musamman ga yankin.

Duk da ɗimbin ɗimbin halittu, Bahamas na fuskantar barazana da yawa waɗanda ke jefa muhallinta da namun daji cikin haɗari. Sauyin yanayi na haifar da babban kalubale, musamman saboda raunin da kasar ke fama da shi na hauhawar ruwan teku da kuma yuwuwar karuwar barazanar yanayi irinsu murjani bleaching da guguwa mai zafi. Sauran ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da ɗan adam, kamar lalata wuraren zama, rarrabuwar kawuna, gurɓatawa, shigar da nau'ikan ɓarna, da yawan girbi, su ma suna ba da gudummawa ga asarar bambancin halittu.

Domin kare nau'ikan halittu na Bahamas na musamman, an aiwatar da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da tsare-tsare. A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 1% na ƙasar ƙasar na ƙarƙashin wani nau'i na kariya, tare da wuraren kariya 58 da aka kafa a ko'ina cikin Bahamas. Wadannan wuraren da aka karewa, da suka hada da wuraren shakatawa na kasa da na ruwa, suna da nufin kiyayewa da kuma kula da iri-iri da albarkatun kasa na Bahamas.

Kammalawa

Kiyaye nau'in halittu na musamman na Bahamas yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba da lafiyar halittunta da kuma jin daɗin namun daji. Ta hanyar aiwatar da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na kiyayewa da kafa wuraren kariya, Bahamas na iya tabbatar da wanzuwar dogon lokaci na tsirrai da nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban. Yana da mahimmanci mu yaba da kare kyawawan dabi'un halitta da mahimmancin muhalli na Bahamas, tare da kiyaye shi don tsararraki masu zuwa su ƙaunaci su ji daɗi.

FAQ

Tambaya: Yaya bambancin halittu yake a Bahamas?

A: Bahamas gida ne ga ɗimbin ɗimbin tsiro da dabbobi iri-iri. Tana alfahari da nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu fure 1,350 da ferns, tsuntsaye masu kiwo 57, dabbobi masu rarrafe 53, masu rarrafe 5, kifi 248, da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa guda 24.

Tambaya: Shin akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke cikin hatsari a Bahamas?

A: Ee, akwai da yawa masu mahimmanci nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Bahamas, ciki har da Jamaican Petrel, Conception Bank Silver Boa, Bahama Nuthatch, Bahama Oriole, da nau'o'in nau'in iguanas na dutse.

Tambaya: Menene manyan barazanar da ke haifar da bambancin halittu a Bahamas?

A: Babban barazanar da ke haifar da ɗimbin halittu a Bahamas sun haɗa da sauyin yanayi, lalata wuraren zama, rarrabuwar kawuna, gurɓataccen yanayi, shigar da nau'ikan ɓarna, da kuma girbi fiye da kima.

Tambaya: Shin akwai wuraren kariya a Bahamas?

A: Ee, akwai wuraren kariya guda 58 a duk faɗin Bahamas, gami da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da wuraren ajiyar ruwa. An keɓance waɗannan wuraren don kiyayewa, amfani mai dorewa, da sarrafa nau'ikan halittun ƙasar.

Tambaya: Wane ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce ake yi don kiyaye ɗimbin halittu a Bahamas?

A: Bahamas ta ɓullo da Tsarin Tsarin Halittu na Ƙasa (NBSAP) don jagorantar ƙoƙarin kiyayewa. Hukumar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Bahamas (BEST) ce ke da alhakin aiwatarwa da kuma lura da nasarorin da NBSAP ta samu. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ci gaba da shirye-shirye don kawar da nau'in ɓarna da kuma kare mahimman wuraren zama.

Tambaya: Me ya sa yake da muhimmanci a kiyaye bambancin halittu na Bahamas?

A: Kiyaye bambancin halittu na Bahamas na da mahimmanci ga lafiyar halittu, tattalin arziki, da asalin al'adun ƙasar. Diversity yana ba da mahimmanci sabis na yanayin tsirrai, kamar iska mai tsafta da ruwa, da kuma tallafawa masana'antu kamar yawon shakatawa, noma, da kamun kifi.

Madogararsa Sources

• http://www.tribune242.com/news/2014/apr/22/invasive-species-and-their-threat-to-the-bahamas/
• https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=bs
• https://rainforests.mongabay.com/biodiversity/en/bahamas/CR.html