Switzerland Biodiversity: Mhuka uye Zvirimwa Zvisikwa uye Chii Chiri Kutyisidzirwa
Waizviziva here Siwizarendi musha kune marudzi anopfuura 15,000 13,000 emhuka neXNUMX marudzi emiti? Iyi nyika diki inodada inoshamisa tapestry ye biodiversity, kuratidza kupfuma nekusiyana kwayo dzinogara zvisikwa. Nekudaro, izvo zvipenyu izvo zvinoita kuti Switzerland ive yakasiyana iri mungozi. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo, uye kusvibiswa vari kuisa pressure yakanyanya Swiss muzvarirwo Kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedza mhuka kuedza. Izvo zvakakosha kugadzirisa matambudziko aya uye kuisa pamberi pekuchengetedzwa kweyakakosha yeSwitzerland maruva nemhuka.
Zvitsva Zvitsva:
- Switzerland imusha kune anopfuura 15,000 mhuka dzemarudzi uye 13,000 emarudzi emiti.
- Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo, uye kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze zvinopa njodzi huru kune zvakasiyana-siyana zveSwitzerland.
- Nhamburiko dzinofanira kuitwa kuisa pamberi kuchengetedza zvakasikwa uye Wildlife kuchengetedza muSwitzerland.
- Kuchengetedzwa kwemaruva nemhuka dzeSwitzerland kwakakosha kune yakasarudzika yenyika ecosystems uye hupenyu hwakanaka of society.
- Zvimwe zviito uye mari zvinodiwa kuti tiite zvizere nzira dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu uye kudzivirira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muSwitzerland.
Nzvimbo Dzakachengetedzwa dzeSwitzerland uye Matanho Ekuchengetedza
Switzerland ine tsika refu yekushandisa matanho ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvayo zvakasiyana-siyana. Nyika yakasarudza zvakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kusanganisira National Park, nzvimbo dzinoberekera amphibians, uye mafuro akaoma nemafuro, kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvayo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Zvakadaro, nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa idzi parizvino dzinongotenderedza 13.4% yenzvimbo yeSwitzerland, ichitadza kusvika pachinangwa chepasi rose che17% chakatarwa neConvention on Biological Diversity.
Iyo Swiss Biodiversity Strategy uye hurongwa hwayo hwekuita inotsanangura matanho akakwana ekusimudzira ecology kwezvivako, kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye zvisikwa mumapoka. Nokuisa pokutanga ecosystem kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza, Switzerland ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kusiyana kwezvakatipoteredza uye chengetedza kwenguva refu kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo. Iyo nzira inosimbisa iyo kukosha chekuchengetedza kuenzana pakati pezviitwa zvevanhu uye kuchengetedza zvisikwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinogara nyika nekusimudzira Swiss zvakatipoteredza kuchengetedza.
Imwe nhanho yakadai ndeyekusimudzirwa kwezvivakwa zvezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinosanganisira kugadzira network yakabatana yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, girinhi korido, uye nzvimbo dzebuffer. Aya ma network anotsigira kufamba kwemhuka dzesango uye kufambisa genetic exchange, zvichibatsira kune yakazara utano uye kusimba kweSwitzerland ecosystems. Pamusoro pezvo, hurongwa uhu hunosimbisa kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichikurudzira maitiro ane mutoro anoderedza kukanganiswa kwezvipenyu asi achibvumira kushandiswa kwe zviwanikwa.
Mumadhorobha, iyo Swiss Biodiversity Strategy inosimudzira kubatanidzwa kwezvisikwa, sekusika kwe nzvimbo dzakasvibirira uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa nemhuka zveko. Nekutarisa zvisikwa mumubatanidzwa, Switzerland ine chinangwa chekupa vagari mukana wenzvimbo dzakasvibira uye kuwedzera hutano hwavo hwese.
“Kudzivirirwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveSwitzerland kwakakosha pakuita kuti zvipenyu zvayo zvirambe zviripo kwenguva yakareba. miitiro yakadzikama, uye kusimudzira zvivakwa zvezvakatipoteredza, Switzerland inogona kuchengetedza nhaka yayo yezvakasikwa yezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
| Nzvimbo Yakachengetedzwa | nzvimbo | Ecosystem mhando |
|---|---|---|
| National Park | Engadine | Alpine |
| Amphibian Spawning Areas | Matunhu akasiyana | Wetlands |
| Mafuro Akaoma neMafuro | Mhiri kweSwitzerland | uswa |
Switzerland's Biodiversity Strategy uye Action Plan
Switzerland yakazvipira kuchengetedza zvakasiyana siyana zvipenyu uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzayo dzechisikigo kuburikidza ne kushanda yezvakakwana Biodiversity Strategy uye chirongwa chekuita. Izvi strategic hurongwa hune chinangwa chekugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kukurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwe ecosystem services munyika yose.
Iyo Biodiversity Strategy inodonongodza zvinangwa gumi zvinotungamira kuedza kuchengetedza muSwitzerland. Zvinangwa izvi zvinosanganisira kusimudzira kwakananga nekusina kunanga kwezvakasiyana-siyana, kufambiswa kweruzivo, nekusimudzira ruzivo pakati peveruzhinji. Nekutarisa pazvinangwa izvi, Switzerland ine chinangwa chekumisa kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kukurudzira kuchengetedza marudzi, uye simbisa kubudirira kwakasimba.
Kuedza pasi pechirongwa chekuita kunosanganisira kugadzira nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kudzoreredza nzvimbo dzekugara dzakaparadzwa, uye kusimudzirwa kushandiswa kwevhu kwakasimba maitiro. Kuburikidza nematanho aya, Switzerland ine chinangwa chekugadzira inoita mhepo mvura nenzvimbo kuitira kuchengetedza maruva ayo akasiyana-siyana nemhuka.
Kuchengetedza Matanho
Switzerland's Biodiversity Strategy nehurongwa hwekuita dzinoshandisa matanho akasiyana siyana kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo kuchengetedza zvipenyu:
- Dziviriro yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugara uye ecosystems
- Kudzoreredzwa uye kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dzakaparadzwa
- Dzidzo yeruzhinji uye mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa vanhu
- Ivhu rakasimba, mvura, uye manejimendi ezviwanikwa
- Kukurudzira kwekutsvaga nekufambisa ruzivo
- Kudyidzana nevadyidzani vepasi rese
Kuedza uku kunonangana nekuona kurarama kwenguva refu kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemaruva nemhuka dzeSwitzerland nekuchengetedza runako rwenyika. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwekushanda kwechirongwa chekuita kunoda kuedza kwakawedzerwa uye mari yakakwana.
Kukurumidzira Kuita Kuita
Swiss biodiversity kuchengetedza yakakosha zvikuru nekuda kwezvibatsiro zvakawanda zvainopa. Kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye kuchengetedzwa kwemaruva nemhuka hakungopa runako rweSwitzerland chete asiwo kunotsigira akakosha ecosystem masevhisi akakosha pakurarama kwevanhu.
“Kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu kwakakosha pakuchengetedza nharaunda ine hutano, kuve nechokwadi chebudiriro inoenderera, uye kuchengetedza nhaka yechisikigo yeSwitzerland. Ibasa ratinofanira kuzadzisa kune chizvarwa chiripo neremangwana. " – Dr. Marie-Claire Graf, Gurukota re Kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza
Nekushandisa chirongwa cheBiodiversity Strategy uye hurongwa hwekuita, Switzerland ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinogara nyika, kuchengetedza maruva nemhuka dzayo dzakasiyana, uye kukurudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi. Kuburikidza nekuedza uku kwakabatana, Switzerland iri kutora danho rekuchengetedza mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwayo zvipenyu kuti zvibatsire vanhu vayo nepasi.
Kuedza kweSwiss Kuvandudza Zvipenyu Zvipenyu Mukurima neMasango
Mapoka eSwiss ezvekurima nemasango anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Gwaro rekurima rinotsiva mabasa anoitwa kune veruzhinji, kusanganisira mipiro kune kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa dzekusimbaradza maitiro ekushanda kwezvakatipoteredza mukurima uye kuchengetedza minda yekurima kuti isimudzire kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu. Nekumisa zviyero zvakaomesesa, Switzerland ine chinangwa chekuona kuti maitiro ekurima anoenderana nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara uye kuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi eSwitzerland.
Sango Policy 2020 inotora mamwe matanho ekusimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana nekuwedzera masango ekuchengetedza uye nekusimudzira kukura kwezvinomera. miti. Nokuwedzera nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa masango, Switzerland ine chinangwa chekupa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye kuvandudza kusiyana kwezvakatipoteredza mukati memasango ayo.
Nekudaro, kuchengetedza nekusimudzira zvipenyu munzvimbo dzekurima nemasango kunoda kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa nemaitiro ekutonga. Zvakakosha kuenzanisa pakati pemabasa ehupfumi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kugadzira zvipenyu zvinobudirira zvinotsigira mhuka dzesango dzeSwitzerland uye kubatsira kune nhaka yenyika.
Kukosha kweEcological Performance muKurima
"Tine basa rakagovana rekuona kuti zvekurima zvinoisa pamberi pekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye kuchengetedzwa kwemhando dzedu dzeSwitzerland dzatinokoshesa. Nekushandisa nzira dzakaomarara dzekushanda kwemhoteredzo, tinogona kubatsira mukuedza kuchengetedza kunodiwa kuchengetedza hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana hweSwitzerland.
Hurumende yeSwitzerland inoziva kukosha kwe kurima kwakasimba mukuchengetedza nhaka yenyika. Kuburikidza negwaro rekurima, varimi vanokurudzirwa kuti vatevedzere mitemo inochengetedza nharaunda yakaita se kurima kwehupenyu uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo, kutsigira Kuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi eSwitzerland.
Kuvandudza Masango Ekuchengetedza Zvipenyu
“Kuwedzera nzvimbo dzedu dzakachengetwa masango uye kusimudzira kukura kwemiti inotumbuka ndiwo matanho anokosha muForest Policy 2020 yedu. Nokuita izvi, tinovavarira kuumba masango akasiyana-siyana anochengeterwa zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yemasango ayo anopa nzvimbo dzokugara kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye kubatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveSwitzerland.”
Sango Policy 2020 inotarisana nekuwedzera chikamu chemasango emasango uye kukurudzira kudyarwa kwemiti inodonha. Zviito izvi zvinovavarira kugadzira masango akasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti miti nemhuka dzakasiyana siyana dzibudirire mumasango eSwitzerland.
- Masango anopa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa kuti mhuka dziberekerwe, dzidye, uye dzigare.
- Miti inotema inosimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu nekupa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugara uye zvekudya zvemhuka dzesango.
Kuzvipira kweSwitzerland kuvandudza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu mune zvekurima nemasango hakungobatsiri mhuka dzesango chete asiwo kunovimbisa hutano hwenguva refu hwezvipenyu zvayo. Nekuita maitiro akasimba uye nekutarisa kuedza kuchengetedza, Switzerland inoramba ichitungamira mukuchengetedza zvisikwa uye nekuchengetedza zvisikwa zveSwitzerland.
Mhedzisiro yeKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze paBidiversity yeSwitzerland
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunoisa njodzi kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana eSwitzerland. The Alps, kumusha kune hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana, inonyanya kunetseka nemhedzisiro yekudziya kwekudziya. Mhuka dziri munzvimbo idzi dzinogona kutsakatika kana tembiricha ikawedzera kudarika mamwe mabhii.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisawo mutsara wemuti, nehumbowo hwekukwira kumusoro, shanduko mukugovaniswa kwezvirimwa, uye kukwikwidza kunogona kuitika pakati pezvipenyu. Shanduko idzi dzine mukana wekuvhiringa zvipenyu uye zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvakasiyana-siyana.
“Kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze idambudziko repasi rose rinoda kuti zviitwe nechimbichimbi. MuSwitzerland, tiri kuona kukanganisa kwekukwira kwetembiricha pane yedu yakasarudzika ecosystem. Isu tinofanirwa kuita izvozvi kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvedu zvezvizvarwa zvinotevera. "
Kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pane zvipenyu zveSwitzerland, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kusazvibata kwemarudzi akasiyana uye ecosystem. Ruzivo urwu runogona kuzivisa nzira dzekuchengetedza uye kubatsira kuisa pamberi pekuedza kuchengetedza mhuka dzine njodzi zvakanyanya uye nzvimbo dzekugara.
The Alps: Hotspot yeZvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
Iyo Alps haingori nzvimbo yakakurumbira yekushanya asiwo a biodiversity hotspot. Vanotsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa nemhuka, mazhinji acho anogadziriswa kune chaiwo alpine mamiriro. Zvisinei, sezvo tembiricha iri kuramba ichikwira, zvipenyu izvi zvinosangana nematambudziko makuru.
- Tembiricha inodziya inogona kukanganisa kudzikama kuri pakati pezvipenyu, zvichiita kuti kukwikwidze zviwanikwa uye kurasikirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana.
- Shanduko dzemazaya echando dzinogona kukanganisa nguva yekukura kwechirimwa uye kuberekana, zvichikanganisa iyo yese alpine ecosystem.
- Kuderera kwemazaya echando uye kurasikirwa kwechifukidzo chechando kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inoyerera pakuwanikwa kwemvura uye kukodzera kwekugara kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana.
Kuchengetedza kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zveAlps kunoda nzira dzakabatanidzwa dzinofunga kwete chete kukanganisa kwakananga kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze asiwo kukanganisa kwakananga pane zvipenyu uye kudyidzana kwazvo.
Kuchinja Treelines uye Species Distribution
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisawo kugoverwa nekuumbwa kwemhando dzezvirimwa nemhuka muSwitzerland. Imwe mhedzisiro inoonekwa ndeyekukwira kumusoro kwemuti wemuti, muganho wechisikigo apo masango anochinjika kuita alpine meadows.
- Sezvo tembiricha dzichiwedzera, miti iri kuunganidza zvishoma nezvishoma nzvimbo dzakakwirira, ichichinja kuumbwa kwemontane nealpine ecosystems.
- Uku kukwira kumusoro kunogona kutungamirira kune shanduko mukuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dzakakodzera kune mamwe marudzi, zvinogona kutungamirira kune kudzingiswa kana kutsakatika kwemarudzi anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze chaiwo.
- Kuwedzera kwemakwikwi pakati pezvipenyu zvepasi nepamusoro pezvipenyu zvinogona kukanganisa kusimba kwezvipenyu uye kukanganisa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kunzwisisa uye kutarisa shanduko idzi mukugoverwa kwemarudzi kwakakosha kuti zvibudirire kuronga kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvisikwa zveSwitzerland.
Nekutora matanho ekuita kuti kuderedza carbon emissions, kusimudzira tsika dzekushandisa ivhu, uye kudzivirira nzvimbo dzinogara dzisina njodzi, Switzerland inogona kubatsira mukuedza kwepasi rose kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedza kusiyana kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mvura yakachena uye Wetlands Biodiversity Matambudziko muSwitzerland
Zvipenyu zvemuSwitzerland zvemvura yakachena uye manyoro zviri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda anotyisidzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu munyika uye nzvimbo dzekugara. Shanduko mutembiricha yemvura, mapatani ekunaya kwemvura, uye kufukidzwa kweaizi zvine zvazvinokonzeresa pakudzikama kwezvipenyu izvi.
Kukwira kwetembiricha kwakatopfuura miganhu inogamuchirwa yemamwe marudzi etrout munzizi dzeSwitzerland. Sezvo tembiricha yemvura ichiwedzera, zvinova zvakanyanya kuomera kuti mhuka idzi dzirarame nekuberekana, zvichiisa vanhu vadzo panjodzi.
Iyo North Atlantic Oscillation, chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chakakanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, chave kukanganisawo tembiricha yemvura uye kuvharwa kweaizi mumadhamu mhiri kweSwitzerland. Shanduko idzi dzine mhedzisiro inosvika kure kune zvipenyu zvemumvura uye zvipenyu zvinotsamira pazviri kuti zvirarame.
Zvisinei, matambudziko acho haagumiri ipapo. Kusvibiswa kwemvura, kuchengetwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, uye zvipenyu zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana zvinoparadza zviri kukanganisa kuvimbika kwezvipenyu zvemvura zveSwitzerland zviri mukati menyika. Izvi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuenzanisa kweiyo ecosystem, zvichikanganisa marudzi ekuzvarwa uye kuderedza kusiyana kwezvipenyu.
Kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemuSwitzerland zvine mvura yakachena kwakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hwezvipenyu izvi uye kuchengetedza nhaka yechisikigo yenyika. Nhamburiko dzinofanirwa kutarisisa kudzikisa kusvibiswa, kudzora zvisikwa zvinopinda, uye kuita maitiro ekutonga anoenderera.
Mvura yakasvibiswa uye zvipenyu zvinoparadza zvinoisa pangozi kuenzanisa kwemvura yakachena yeSwitzerland. Ibasa redu kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzakakosha.
Matanho ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kusanganisa maitiro akazara anotarisisa kubatana kwenyika, mvura, uye zvipenyu. Nekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemvura yakachena uye nzvimbo dzine mvura, tinobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana zvipenyu zveSwitzerland uye tive nechokwadi chekuti kune remangwana rakasimba kumarudzi anotevera.
Kutsakatika Chikwereti cheHigh-Mountain Plants muSwitzerland
Zvirimwa zvemugomo repamusoro muSwitzerland zvinotarisana nenjodzi yekutsakatika nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Static uye mahybrid modhi anofanotaura kuderedzwa kwakakosha kwemhando yezvirimwa zvealpine pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi21. The chemasanganiswa womuenzaniso inoratidza kuti kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwevakasara pasi pemamiriro ekunze asina kukodzera kunogona kukonzera chikwereti chekutsakatika.
Kugadziriswa kweGenetic uye kuedza kuchengetedza kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekupona kwemhando dzezvirimwa zvemugomo repamusoro muSwitzerland.
Alpine Plant Range Reductions
Zvinoenderana neakamira uye mahybrid modhi, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inotungamira kudzikisira kwakakura kwezvidyarwa zveAlpine muSwitzerland. Aya mamodheru anoronga kuti pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi21, marudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa zvemugomo repamusoro achaona kudzikira kwemamiriro ekunze akakodzera kuti ararame. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kugovaniswa kwadzo kuchaganhurwa kunzvimbo diki, kuzviisa panjodzi yekutsakatika.
"Hybrid modhi inoratidza kugona kwe chikwereti chinopera pakati pehuwandu hwemiti yemakomo. Rinokarakadza kuti kunyange kana vamwe vanhu vakakwanisa kuramba vari munzvimbo dzekugara dzisina kukodzera, vanogona kupedzisira vatsakatika nemhaka yokusakwanisa kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu emhoteredzo anochinja.”
Kukosha Kwekuchinja Kwemajini
Genetic adaptation inoita basa rakakosha mukupona nekusimba kwezvirimwa zvemugomo refu. Inogonesa zvipenyu kuti zvienderane nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye inovimbisa kugona kwavo kwenguva refu. Kuburikidza nekusiyana kwemajini uye kusarudzwa kwechisikigo, huwandu hwezvirimwa hunogona kushanduka hunhu hunovabvumira kubata nematambudziko anokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kuedza Kuchengetedza
Kuedza kuchengetedza kwakakosha kuchengetedza mhando dzezvirimwa zvemugomo repamusoro muSwitzerland. Matanho akadai kudzorerwa kwekugara, kuchengetedza mbeu, uye zvirongwa zvekutangazve zvinogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza kusiyana kwemajini uye kuwedzera kusimba kwezvirimwa izvi. Pamusoro pezvo, kuzivisa kukosha kwezvipenyu izvi uye basa razvo mukuchengetedza Swiss ecological kusiyana kwakakosha pakutsvaga rutsigiro zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza.
Kuchengetedza Switzerland's Ecological Diversity
Kuchengetedza kusiyana kwezvisikwa zveSwitzerland kwakakosha zvakanyanya kuchengetedza hutano uye kuenzana kwezvipenyu zvayo. Kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvemumakomo marefu kubva mukutyisidzirwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inhanho yakakosha mukuona kugarika kwenguva refu kweSwitzerland biodiversity. Nekushandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza dzinoshanda uye nekusimudzira kuchinjika kwemajini, Switzerland inogona kushanda mukuchengetedza mhando dzechirimwa dzayo dzakasiyana uye kuchengetedza hupfumi hwenzvimbo dzayo dzemakomo marefu.
Biodiversity muSwitzerland Landscapes uye Hukama hwayo neKushandisa Nyika
Maitiro ekushandisa ivhu anonyanya kukanganisa zvipenyu muSwitzerland landscapes. Intensive Agriculture, kuguta, uye kufukidza masango kuchinja kusiyana-siyana kwemaruva nemhuka. Nepo tsika dzekurima dzakakonzera kudzikira kwekusiyana kwemajini, kurima organic kwakaona kuwedzera kwakasimba. Masango, pasinei nokukura kwawo, ane chikamu chiduku bedzi chenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Sustainable kutarisira masango uye maitiro ekushandisa pasi zvine mwero anogona kusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muSwiss landscapes.
Pesvedzero yeKushandisa Ivhu Zviitiko pane Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeSwitzerland dzakaumbwa nemaitiro akasiyana ekushandisa ivhu ayo anokanganisa zvakananga kupfuma kwemaruva ayo nemhuka. Maitiro ekurima akanyanya, ayo anosanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye mhando dzezvirimwa zvinopa goho guru, zvakonzera kudzikira kwekusiyana kwemajini pakati pemarudzi ezvirimwa (Swiss nature kuchengetedza) Uku kudzikiswa kwekusiyana kwemajini kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kwenguva refu yekusimba uye kuchinjika kwezvipenyu izvi pamberi pe matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza (Swiss ecological kusiyana).
Urbanization, nekuwedzera kwayo zvivakwa uye kuvaka mapurojekiti, anobatsirawo mukurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye kupatsanurwa kwezvipenyu. Kutsemuka uku kunokanganisa mafambiro echisikigo uye kuyerera kwemajini ehuwandu hwemhuka dzesango, kuderedza kugona kwavo uye kuwedzera njodzi yekutsakatika kwenzvimbo (Swiss kuchengetedza mhuka).
Kufukidzwa kwemasango muSwitzerland kwave kuchiwedzera nekufamba kwemakore, nekuda kwe kudyara masango kuedza uye kuberekwa patsva. Zvisinei, chikamu chenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa mukati memasango aya chakaderera (Swiss nature kuchengetedza) Kushaikwa kwedziviriro uku kunoisa njodzi kune dzakasiyana siyana dzezvipenyu dzinovimba nemasango ekugara kuti ararame uye kubereka (Swiss ecological kusiyana).
Organic Kurima seimwe nzira inogoneka
Miitiro yekurima yeOrganic, iyo inotungamira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa kwemafetereza echisikigo uye nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene, zvakaratidza chivimbiso mukusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu muSwitzerland landscapes (Swiss kuchengetedza mhuka) Nekudzivisa kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekugadzira, kurima organic kunogadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yezvipembenene zvinobatsira, ma microorganisms evhu, uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvinobatsira ecosystem hutano (Swiss ecological kusiyana).
Organic mapurazi zvakare anowanzo kuve nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvirimwa, achipa nzvimbo dzekugara kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemapollin uye dzimwe mhuka dzesango (Swiss nature preservation). Musiyano uyu haungotsigire kurarama kwezvipenyu izvi chete asi zvakare unosimudzira kusimba kwehurongwa hwekurima kune shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye mamwe matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza (Swiss ecological diversity).
Sustainable Forest Management for Biodiversity Conservation
Kuve nechokwadi chemaitiro ekuchengetedza masango kwakakosha pakuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanikwa mukati memasango eSwitzerland (Swiss nature preservation). Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza kuenzana pakati pekutorwa kwematanda uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara, pamwe nekusimudzira kukura kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti kuti kuwedzere zvipenyu (biodiversity)Swiss kuchengetedza mhuka).
Tsika dzemasango dzinogara dzichisanganisira kuchengetedza huni dzakafa, dzinopa nzvimbo dzakakosha dzezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira fungi, zvipembenene, uye zvipuka zviduku (Swiss ecological diversity). Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzira mikova yemasango uye kubatanidza nzvimbo dzekugara dzakapatsanuka zvinogona kuvandudza mafambiro uye kuyerera kwemajini ehuwandu hwemhuka dzesango, kusimudzira kusiyanisa kwemajini uye kusimba (Swiss wildlife conservation).
Kufananidza Maitiro eKushandisa Ivhu uye Mabatiro adzo paBidiversity
| Kudzidzira Kushandisa Nyika | Impact paBidiversity |
|---|---|
| Intensive Agriculture | Kuderera mukusiyana kwemajini emarudzi ezvirimwa |
| Urbanization | Kurasika kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye kupatsanurwa kwezvipenyu |
| Organic Farming | Inosimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa uye nzira dzekurima dzechisikigo |
| Yakasimbiswa Sango Management | Kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekugara uye kuvandudzwa kwekufamba kwemhuka dzesango uye kuyerera kwemajini |
Nekusimudzira maitiro ekushandisa pasi, Switzerland inogona kusimudzira kuchengetedza kwayo uye kuedza kuchengetedza mhuka dzesango, kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwayo kwemhoteredzo yezvipenyu nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera kuti zvinakirwe.
Kukosha kweBidiversity yeEcosystem Services neSosaiti
Biodiversity inoita basa rakakosha mukupa akakosha ecosystem masevhisi anobatsira nharaunda nenharaunda. MuSwitzerland, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu kwakakosha mukusimudzira Swiss kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveSwitzerland, uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara dzemuSwitzerland.
Imwe yeakakosha ecosystem masevhisi anopihwa ne biodiversity kugadzira chikafu. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvirimwa nemhuka dzinoita kuti pave nehurongwa hwekurima husingachinji uye hunoenderera mberi. Mapurisa, akadai senyuchi, anoita basa rakakosha mukukumeswa kwezvirimwa, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwemichero, miriwo, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekurima. Nekukoshesa nekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, Switzerland inogona kuramba ichichengetedza masisitimu ayo ekugadzira chikafu uye kutsigira hupfumi hwayo.
Zviwanikwa zveGenetic imwe yakakosha sevhisi ecosystem inopihwa ne biodiversity. Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveSwitzerland zvinoshanda senzvimbo inogarwa nhaka, ine ruzivo rwakakosha rwemajini runogona kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira tsvakiridzo yezvekurapa, kugadzirwa kwembeu itsva dzembesa, nekuchengetedza zvirimwa. zvipenyu zviri mungozi. Kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kunovimbisa kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa izvi zvemajini kune zvizvarwa zvazvino uye zvichauya.
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoitawo basa rinokosha pakuchenesa mvura uye kuorera kwevhu. Zvipenyu zvine utano, zvakadai semasango nenzvimbo dzine mvura, zvinoshanda semasefa echisikigo, kuchenesa mvura nokuteya zvinosvibisa nevhu. Izvi zvinobatsira mukuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura, kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemvura kwakasimba kune zvese zvinoshandiswa nevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, nharaunda dzezvirimwa dzakasiyana dzinovandudza kubereka kwevhu nekusimudzira kufambisa bhasikoro uye kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu, zvichibatsira kuti kurima kurambe kwakamira.
Masango, kunyanya, ane akawanda ecology mabasa anobatsira nzanga. Iwo anoita seakakosha kabhoni anonyura, achibatsira kudzikisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nekutora uye kuchengetedza kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kubva mumhepo. Masango anoitawo basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa mafambiro emvura, kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu, uye kuderedza njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai sekuondomoka kwevhu nemafashamo. Zvakare, masango akakosha kune indasitiri yekushanya yeSwitzerland, inokwezva vanofarira zvechisikigo uye nekupa mikana yekutandara.
“Kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu haisi pfungwa yesayenzi chete; chinhu chaicho chinotsigira upenyu paPasi.” - Sir David Attenborough
Kuziva uye kukoshesa kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye ecosystem masevhisi kwakakosha pakusimudzira budiriro muSwitzerland. By kubatanidza Kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu kuita mitemo, kusimudzira kushandiswa kwevhu kwakasimba, uye kusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji, Switzerland inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kwekupihwa kweakakosha masevhisi ecosystem uye kuchengetedza nhaka yayo yechisikigo kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Tafura:
| Ecosystem Service | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Kugadzirwa kwechikafu | Mhuka dzezvinomera nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotsigira kurima uye mukume |
| Genetic resources | Ruzivo rwakakosha rwemajini ekutsvagisa zvekurapa, kukura kwembesa, uye kuchengetedza mhando |
| Kunatswa kwemvura | Healthy ecosystems inoshanda semasefa echisikigo, inovandudza kunaka kwemvura |
| Kubereka kwevhu | Nharaunda dzezvirimwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosimudzira kutenderera kwekudya uye kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu |
| masango | Carbon kuchengetedza, kudzorwa kwemvura, kudzivirira njodzi, uye kushanya |
Nekugamuchira kukosha kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kushanda kwazviri Swiss kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye Swiss biodiversity kuchengetedza, Switzerland inogona kuramba ichidzivirira nzvimbo dzayo dzekugara uye kuve nechokwadi chekugarisana kwakanaka pakati penzanga nemhoteredzo.
mhedziso
Zvipenyu zveSwitzerland zviri panjodzi nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo, uye zviitiko zvevanhu. Zvakadaro, nyika yakatora matanho akakosha ekuchengetedza nekuita matanho, kumisa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, nekugadzira nzira dzekusiyana kwezvipenyu.
Kuti ive nechokwadi chehutano hwenguva refu hwezvipenyu zvayo, Switzerland inofanirwa kuramba ichiisa pamberi pekuchengetedza zvisikwa, kuchengetedza mhuka dzesango, uye mashandisiro ekushandisa ivhu. Zvimwe zviito zvinodikanwa kuita hurongwa uhu zvizere uye kuwana mari yakakwana yekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kuchengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvakatipoteredza zveSwitzerland kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvipenyu zvayo uye kuchengetedza nhaka yechisikigo yenyika. Nekudyara mukuedza uku, Switzerland inogona kuchengetedza mhuka dzayo uye kubatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwepasi rose kwezvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvifare.
