I-S3, E7: I-Portrait To Landscape-Isu Lendawo Lokuhlela Kabusha Ikusasa Lethu, u-Alexandra Wagibela Encwadini Yakhe Egqashuka Ephansi, Ingxenye 2

[00:00:37] UJackie De Burca: Good afternoon, or good morning, depending on where you are. I am with the very lovely Alexandra Stead, who is joining us today, actually from Vancouver in Canada. And this is the second in a mini series of podcasts because she’s written this amazing book that really deserves being looked into in a lot more detail. Alexandra, just a very quick introduction because we’re going to encourage everybody to go back and hear the first episode if they haven’t done so already.

[00:01:08] U-Alexandra Steed Sawubona, Jackie. Hhayi-ke, ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokuba nami ku-podcast yakho futhi. Ngijabule kakhulu ngokuba lapha nokuphinde ngikhulume nawe.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba usho, igama lami ngingu-Alexandra Stead. Ngingumdwebi wokwakheka kwezwe. Sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-25 ngisebenza kulo mkhakha, futhi nginefemu eLondon ebizwa ngokuthi i-Alexandra Stead, e-Urban. Futhi noma kunjalo, ngisanda kubhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Portrait to Landscape, isu lokwakheka kwezwe lokuhlela kabusha ikusasa lethu. Futhi ngakho-ke kuzoba kuhle ukukhuluma nawe kabanzi ngalokho namuhla.

[00:01:41] UJackie De Burca: Kuyakhanya. Ngakho ngiyaphinda futhi, ngizokhuthaza noma yibaphi abalaleli abangasizwanga isiqephu sokuqala, ngicela babuyele emuva, ngoba lonke ulwazi oluyisisekelo lukhona kanye namaparele amaningi okuhlakanipha. Ngakho-ke ake sivele sigxumele engxenyeni elandelayo yencwadi, futhi unalesi sicatshulwa esibuhlungu ngempela esivela ku-Rachel Carson lapho, u-Alexandra, ake sikuhlole lokho.

[00:02:01] U-Alexandra Steed Kulungile. Hhayi-ke, ngingaqala ngokufunda izingcaphuno?

[00:02:05] UJackie De Burca: Ngicela wenze. Yebo. Kungaba kuhle lokho.

[00:02:07] U-Alexandra Steed Ithi, simi manje lapho imigwaqo emibili ihlukana khona. Kodwa ngokungafani nemigwaqo esenkondlweni kaRobert Frost ejwayelekile, ayilungile ngokulinganayo. Umgwaqo osekunesikhathi eside siwuhamba ulula ngendlela ekhohlisayo, umgwaqo onguthelawayeka oshelelayo esithuthukela kuwo ngesivinini esikhulu. Kodwa ekugcineni kukhona inhlekelele.

Enye imfoloko yomgwaqo, le okungahanjwa ngayo kancane, inikeza ithuba lethu lokugcina, okuwukuphela kwalo lokufinyelela endaweni eqinisekisa ukulondolozwa komhlaba. Ukuzikhethela, phela, kungokwethu. Rachel Carson.

[00:02:45] UJackie De Burca: Kulungile, kunjalo. Yebo, isisho esibaluleke kakhulu. Futhi kulabo bantu abangamazi ukuthi u-Rachel Carson ungubani, ungathanda ukubazisa ukuthi ungubani, okokuqala, ngoba kusobala ukuthi ubaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha.

[00:03:01] U-Alexandra Steed Yes. Well, Rachel Carson is an amazing woman, really. She, I think most people will know her by her book Silent Spring. And this quote is actually from that book Silent Spring that she wrote back. I think it was in about 1960, about that era. And anyway, she, she was an ecologist. She was working in the field, and she saw a lot of data that showed just how dangerous DDT was. And yet in those days, it was being used significantly, significantly across all sorts of landscapes to deal with pests. And what they were finding and seeing and observing over time was that not only was the DDT attacking the pests, but it was attacking all sorts of wildlife and killing, you know, all sorts of birds. And so anyway, this is where this concept of the silent spring came up, that the idea that one day we might not have birdsong and how awful would that be? So anyway, she was really letting people know. She thought, I need to let the public know what is going on and what these disastrous effects might be. And it was really amazing what happened when she did. So.

Uyazi-ke, bonke abantu embonini babe sebeqala ukumhlasela kanye nomlingiswa wakhe, bembiza ngoLuddite, bembiza ngowesifazane onamahloni, niyazi, behlambalaza, bemehlisa nganoma iyiphi indlela.

But at the same time, a whole environmental movement kind of sprung up that was all around this idea that we need to protect nature. We need to be looking at how we are behaving within landscapes. We need to be looking at these pesticides, these fertilizers, other pollutants that are going into the environment. So, anyway, her book Silent Spring really spurred on this whole movement. And I think that this quote that I read is especially poignant in that it’s as relevant today. It’s more relevant today than it even was when she wrote this, that we are now at a fork in the road. And we know all of this. We know all of the environmental issues that have been created by our own actions and human activity on the planet. We have all the data. We can see where it’s leading us. And so the choice is ours to make. Do we just carry on that road, carry on with business as usual, or do we choose another way that is more collaborative with nature and that is about restoring the earth and restoring our relationship to the earth? So I think that’s probably a great way to start this episode. So thank you for asking me to read out that quote.

[00:06:02] UJackie De Burca: Kuyakhanya. Yebo. Futhi, ngiqonde ukuthi, sincike kuphela ekutheni imuphi unyaka impela abhala leyo ncwadi, niyazi, sisodwa, sizothi iminyaka engama-50, 60 ukusuka lapho, futhi sikulemfoloko enkulukazi yomgwaqo. Akukho kungabaza ngakho. Usuku ngalunye, usuku ngalunye kuba nezindaba ezinyantisayo eziphuma emaphephandabeni ngesikhathi sokurekhoda, futhi lowo nguMeyi 2024. Manje, uma ubuyela ebhukwini lakho, ubona kanjani lokho okubiza ngokuthi indawo yamanje?

[00:06:30] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, indawo yamanje, ngicabanga.

I-landscape ingijabulisa kakhulu ngoba ngiyibona njengendawo lapho kuhlangana khona imvelo namasiko. Ngakho-ke yonke into esiyikholelwayo mayelana nobudlelwano bethu nemvelo ibonakala endaweni. Ngakho-ke i-landscape yilokhu kubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwakho konke esikukholelwayo ngathi kanye nendlela esisebenzisana ngayo nemvelo. Siyakholelwa ngalobo budlelwano nemvelo. Ngakho-ke le nkulumo engokomzimba, engakholeki ngempela ukucabanga ukuthi sinakho phambi kwamehlo ethu. Singabheka futhi singabona uhlobo oluthile lwendlela isintu esihlobene ngayo nayo yonke imvelo ngokusebenzisa indawo.

And, you know, what we see is these escalating issues. So with global warming and climate change and ecological collapse and population expansion, expansion at such a degree, you know, in 1850, we were at 1.5 billion. In 1950, we are at 2.5 billion. Now we’re at 8 billion people. And it’s not just. It’s not just the effects of the numbers of people, but.

Kodwa mayelana nokuthi sikukhulise kanjani ukuxhashazwa kwethu kwezindawo. Ngakho-ke sinezinyathelo ezinkulu, nakuba singabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8. Futhi mhlawumbe, uyazi, iplanethi ingabamba abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8, ngokusobala. Kodwa kuyindlela ke esidla ngayo futhi sikhiphe ezithombeni zomhlaba wonke.

Futhi sithatha isikhala esiningi. Ngamunye wethu unomkhondo omkhulu manje kangangokuthi ukuxhashazwa kwengcebo yomhlaba kukhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma kunjalo, sisendaweni manje esibona inani elikhulu lezehlakalo zesimo sezulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi kufana nokuthi kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, inani lezinhlekelele ezihlobene nesimo sezulu likhuphuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu.

Futhi lokhu kuhlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba. Ngakho sibona izenzakalo ezinjengalezi emhlabeni wonke. NgiseCanada njengamanje, futhi lapha ngo-2021, angazi noma uyakhumbula, kwakukhona umcimbi owawubizwa ngokuthi i-heat dome. Futhi.

Yeah. So here in Vancouver, it’s normally a very temperate region, very mild, very comfortable, and yet in this particular summer, there were temperatures of 49.6 degrees celsius. And it was so hot that there’s a town a couple hours away from where I am here, where it was consumed by a wildfire fire. The whole town was just consumed, and it led to 600 deaths of people, 650,000 farm animals and a billion seashore animals, not including all the damage to plant life and ecosystems and infrastructure and properties. The damage is incredible. And that’s just one example of the many, many around the world.

Yebo, siyabubona ubufakazi bakho. Ngicabanga ukuthi sonke manje sithintwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Angicabangi ukuthi noyedwa wethu ophunyukile emithelela, futhi sibona lokhu ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakho, yebo, kuwukukhathazeka okukhulu.

[00:10:00] UJackie De Burca: Kuyinto enkulu ukukhathazeka. Ngifunde namuhla ngoba, kunjalo, sisezindaweni ezihlukene zesikhathi ephephandabeni i-Guardian ukuthi amazinga okushisa. Futhi futhi, kunguMeyi, Meyi 30, 2024, eDelhi, yakhuphukela kuma-degree angama-50 eMayenne Celsius. Njengokuthi, akukholakali. Ngokusobala, ku, encwadini yakho, uyazi, kukhona. Kukhona indlela, kunendlela enengqondo kakhulu yokuthi ulungisa kanjani izinkinga. Iyiphi indawo oyibekile onomuzwa wokuthi ingabhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?

[00:10:36] U-Alexandra Steed Kulungile. Awu, akukho. Ngeke ngisho ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwendawo.

Ngingasho ukuthi sidinga ukubuyisela izindawo zazo zonke izinhlobo emhlabeni wonke.

So, you know, for example, woodlands, forests, grasslands. I think that most people are aware now of their incredible value and their incredible benefits. There is a term that’s often used in my industry and sort of in the development industry of ecosystem services. And I think that’s a very sort of scientific way, or maybe a more economic way of considering these incredible gifts that nature gives us.

But it is good to highlight them. I’m glad that these wonderful gifts that nature gives us freely are now being recognized. And, yes, they are termed ecosystem services, but one of the major services that they provide is capturing carbon. So this is especially important for us to be thinking about the way that forests, woodlands, grasslands actually have the capability of sequestering carbon and storing it, storing carbon dioxide and plants able to absorb it through photosynthesis. So, you know, this is this wonderful service that nature provides. But I think what most people don’t realize is that actually, it’s not just trees, it’s also our soils. It’s the oceans of the world that are able to actually sequester huge amounts of carbon dioxide. In fact, the oceans have been so amazing at capturing excess heat from the atmosphere over the last few decades that we hadn’t really noticed the warming of the planet because it was so effective at capturing that excess heat. And likewise, soils, about a quarter of all ukuphuma kwekhabhoni each year, are captured by soils. So this again highlights the importance not just of trees, but of all types of landscapes and the health of all ecosystems. So, you know, looking at all types of land and looking at the soils, the water, the air, the plants, all of these things are vital in terms of the services that they provide for us, including carbon capture.

[00:13:23] UJackie De Burca: Iphuzu elisheshayo. Umhlabathi ogcwele zonke izinhlobo zomanyolo namakhemikhali, uyazi, kusebenza kanjani lokho? Impela lokho kwehlisa ikhono labo.

[00:13:32] U-Alexandra Steed Oh, it does. So much, yes. I mean, soils have been treated terribly and unfortunately through urbanization and through industrialization and expansive agriculture. Industrial agriculture has had a huge impact on our soil worldwide, you know, through.

Ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukulungisa indawo yezolimo, okutholayo ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi kuba ngamahlathi noma izindawo ezinamahlathi noma ezinye izinhlobo zezindawo ezigawuliwe. Ngakho kungazelelwe wenza izwe eliyisivikelo esihle nesimila kulo. Ngokuphazima kweso sekuyinyumba. Ngakho ulahlekelwe yikho konke lokho kuzinza. Bese kuba umsebenzi wokulima, isingeniso, njengoba usho, kamanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane. Zonke lezi zinto zishintsha kakhulu ukwakheka komhlabathi futhi zenze kube sengozini enkulu yokuguguleka. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngisho, angazi noma uyasikhumbula yini isitsha sothuli e-United States esasiyinganekwane, lapho sasikhona, nkosi, ngicabanga ukuthi kwakusekuqaleni, amakhulu ayi-19. Ngicabanga ukuthi kwakungesikhathi soKuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, empeleni. Futhi abakuthola lapho kwakungenxa yalokhu kushintshwa kwamadlelo otshani okusabalele ekubeni amapulazi, ukuthi babe nalomphumela wokukhukhulwa kwenhlabathi nomoya futhi kwabangela, niyazi, kwaholela endlala futhi kwakubi kakhulu. Ngakho, niyazi, lezi zinhlobo zezinto, leso yisibonelo esisodwa nje. Kodwa lokho kwenzeka emhlabeni wonke ngezinga elikhulu nelikhudlwana njengoba ngokwanda kwamahlathi ethu nehlathi nezindawo ezinotshani kuguqulwa zibe izindawo zezolimo zezimboni. Ngakho lezonhlabathi zisembi kabi. Esimweni esibi, futhi kufanele kube yizindawo zokuhlala nezibalulekile, uyazi, zigcwele zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba usho. Kodwa esikutholayo ukuthi, niyazi, ziyizindawo ezifile. Konke ukuzala kwabo kuyasuswa.

[00:15:42] UJackie De Burca: Kubuhlungu kakhulu.

Ukuqhubekela phambili kwamanye amaqhawe, ngicabanga ukuthi, ukuthunjwa kwekhabhoni. Ayini amasinki ekhabhoni kulabo abangazi?

[00:15:53] U-Alexandra Steed Kulungile. Nokho, osinki bekhabhoni bayizindawo ezinekhono lokuthatha inani elikhulu lesikhutha emoyeni.

Ngakho-ke uma sikhuluma ngamasinki e-carbon, ngicabanga ukuthi abantu bavame ukubhekisela emahlathini, owaziyo, ngokuvamile izihlahla abantu abakhuluma ngazo njengosinki we-carbon. Ngakho-ke banekhono elikhulu lokudonsa i-sequester bese begcina ikhabhoni nge-photosynthesis futhi lokho kuzoba okufanayo. Ngakho-ke kukhona namanye ama-ecosystems aqinile futhi abambayo afaka phakathi. Ngakho-ke izindawo ezifana ne-tundra, ngokuvamile azicatshangelwa ngokwezinga lazo lokuba yi-carbon sink, kodwa ziyamangalisa ngaleyo ndlela. Izimfunda zotshani basolwandle, amahlathi omhlume, amaxhaphozi kasawoti, zonke lezi zindawo, lezi, lezi zindawo zemvelo zasolwandle nazo, zinamandla amangalisayo ngaleyo ndlela. Ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-blue carbon. Ngakho-ke ikhabhoni ethathwe ama-ecosystems olwandle futhi lezi zindawo empeleni zithatha ikhabhoni ngenani elisheshayo kunamahlathi.

Ngakho-ke lokho kuyikhono elimangalisayo futhi.

Uyazi, izindawo ezifana namaxhaphozi namachweba avame ukutholakala ezifundeni zethu ezisogwini zibaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo. Lezi zindawo zoshintsho zinamandla amakhulu okuthwebula ikhabhoni, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho ukuthi, zihlinzeka ngokudla, zihlinzeka ngezindawo ezibalulekile zokuphila kwezinyoni nezinye izilwane zasendle. Uyazi, zigcwele impilo, lezi zindawo. Ngakho-ke abagcini nje ngokuba nalo mphumela wokuthungatha ikhabhoni, kodwa baneminye imiphumela eminingi emangalisayo futhi.

[00:17:48] UJackie De Burca: Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ngicabanga, ngiqonde ukuthi, ngizithanda ngokuphelele lezo zinhlobo zezindawo, kepha ngicabanga njengomuntu ojwayelekile, oh, uhlobo lwendawo ecasulayo ngoba kufana ne-boggy futhi akulula ukuhambahamba, niyazi, ngoba sivele singenzi lutho. bheka, vele, okungenani ngokwesiko asizange sikubone ukuthi ziyini, yini ukubaluleka kwemvelo lapha? Uyazi, kwenzekani lapha? Ngakho ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kufana nokuthile.

[00:18:10] U-Alexandra Steed Yeah, and I think that’s a really excellent point because we’ve had so many of the world, cities are located within estuaries and all of these estuaries have these types of environments, whether it be mangroves or sea grasses or marshlands.

Zonke lezi zibhujisiwe, uyazi, eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Hhayi-ke, futhi isikhathi eside ukuguqulelwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma izindawo zezimboni noma amapulazi ngoba nawo enza amapulazi amahle kakhulu. Zicebe kakhulu, kunomsoco kuleyonhlabathi. Ngakho-ke silahlekelwe yizindawo ezinkulu, ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kunendawo eyodwa ebesiyisebenza empumalanga nje yeLondon ebizwa ngokuthi i-Essex, futhi kuleyo ndawo yayivame ukuba namaxhaphozi angu-30,000. Manje sekusele amahektha angama-2500 kuphela. Futhi ingxenye enkulu yaleyo ndawo, njengoba usho, isetshenziswe njengendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu, isetshenziswe njengechweba, isetshenziselwa ezinye izimboni. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi, njengoba usho, abantu abazange bakwazise, ​​uyazi, uhlobo lwazo zonke, imboni engcolile kakhulu, ongayibiza, yaphushwa kulezo zindawo. Futhi ngakho-ke igcwele imfucuza kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinye izinto ezimbi. Futhi manje abantu sebeqala ukubona, oh, empeleni, lezi zindawo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa i-ecosystem, zihlunga amanzi, niyazi, zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi ethu futhi mahhala, zisebenza njenge-cushion emuncayo. Uma iziphepho ezinamandla zifika endaweni yomfula, zivumela ukuphakama kolwandle ngokwemvelo, futhi ziyakwazi ukuthambisa umthelela wesenzo samagagasi. Ngakho-ke abagcini nje ngokunikeza uhlobo lwalezi zinsizakalo zesofthiwe, kodwa bavikela izakhiwo zethu kanye nemboni yethu nayo yonke ingqalasizinda yethu. Ngakho-ke banaleli xabiso elimangalisayo okungekho muntu owayeke walicabangela ngaphambili. Manje sesiqala ukukubona, futhi sesiqala ukubona imiphumela yokulahleka kwalezo zindawo, nakanjani.

[00:20:21] UJackie De Burca: Manje, ngicabanga ukuthi ngokusobala kuyinto ecindezela kakhulu, kodwa ngeshwa, kuyiqiniso. Ake sihlole ukuwohloka kwemvelo nezinto ezibangeli ezibangelwa abantu. U-Alexandra.

[00:20:34] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, ngiqonde ukuthi, ukuwa kwemvelo kungase kubaluleke kakhulu kunokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho yilokhu ososayensi abasitshela khona manje. Sekugxilwe kakhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu manje, ngicabanga ukuthi abantu sebeqala ukubona ukuthi ukuwohloka kwemvelo kuphezulu futhi kuphushwa kuze kube sekupheleni.

Futhi abantu abaningi bathi manje sisogwini lwesi-6 lokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi emhlabeni, okokugcina kube ngenkathi ama-dinosaurs eqothulwa i-asteroid eyashayisa iplanethi. Manje, akuyona into efana ne-alien noma amandla angaphandle anjalo. Manje umthelela wethu, umthelela womuntu obangela lokhu. Ngakho-ke sibona ukwehla kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuguguleka kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukushabalala kwezilwane zasendle. Futhi zonke lezi zinto zenzeka ngesivinini esishaqisayo, ngokushesha okukhulu kunalokho abantu ababekunakile. Kube nombiko wakamuva wenkundla yenqubomgomo yesayensi yezinhlaka zikahulumeni mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsiza ze-ecosystem. Ngakho-ke lokho kugcwele umlomo. Kodwa lena yinhlangano ethembeke kakhulu.

Kube nezizwe ezingaba ngu-140 ezihlangene, zonke ziletha futhi zabelana ngemininingwane yazo yodwa mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emazweni azo. Futhi kukhombisa lokho emhlabeni wonke. Kuyisimo esibi impela yonke indawo. Ezinye izindawo zimbi kakhulu kunezinye, kodwa yonke indawo iyashaywa. Futhi mayelana nezimbangela ezibangelwa abantu, ngisho, njengoba ngishilo, isintu siwusongo olukhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo manje, kodwa ezinye zezimbangela ezihamba phambili kukhona izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba nolwandle. Lokho mhlawumbe okukhulu kunakho konke ukuthi empeleni siguqula isimo sethu sezwe. Ngakho-ke izinto ezifana nezolimo, ukwanda okukhulu kwezolimo, ukugawulwa kwemithi, ukumba izimayini, ukufudukela emadolobheni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, zonke lezi zinto, kanye nohlobo lwezinga ezenzeka ngalo manje, obekuguqula isimo sezwe sisuke endaweni yemvelo singene kulokhu kubangela umonakalo omkhulu. .

[00:22:53] UJackie De Burca: Ake ngingenele, ngoba nakhu abantu abakubiza ngentuthuko.

[00:22:57] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, iphuzu elihle. Yebo. Futhi ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela okuba nayo. Yebo, yebo, iphuzu elihle kakhulu. Futhi-ke, kunjalo, kunezinye izinto ezifana nezinhlobo zezilwane phezu kokuxhashazwa. Ngakho lokho kuzohlanganisa izinto ezifana nokudoba ngenjongo yokuthengisa, okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke olwandle lwethu, futhi okungalawulwa ngempela. Uyazi, kuyamangaza ukuthi kungakanani ukudoba nokunye okwenziwa olwandle okungalawulwa nhlobo.

There’s invasive species and disease. This is also a huge problem because of the way we’re now traveling from country to country, and we’re often then introducing new disease and pests when we’re. When we’re moving like that. So they’re very disruptive. Pollution, things like oil spills, microplastics, these all have a devastating effect. And then, of course, climate change in that. So that also affects biodiversity, because it starts to alter.

Ishintsha isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, ngakho iqala ukushintsha izinkathi zonyaka lapho zenzeka. Kunomthelela ekufudukeni nasekuzaleni kwezinye izilwane zasendle. Ngakho-ke kukhona yonke le miphumela engezansi umuntu angeke ayicabangele ekuqaleni, kodwa ngisho nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela omkhulu ekuweni kwemvelo, ngakho konke kuhlobene. Noma yini eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwemvelo izoba nemiphumela emibi.

[00:24:33] UJackie De Burca: Konke kuxhunyaniswe nokulandelana okunengqondo kwencwadi yakho. Alexander, ubani uJohann Rockstrom?

[00:24:42] U-Alexandra Steed Right, well, Johann Rockstrom is the former director of the Stockholm Resilience center. And so this is a center that was looking to explore what the limits of the planet are in terms of a safe operating space for humanity.

So there at the resilience centre, Johann Rockstrom brought together a team of 28 scientists to study together what this safe operating space for humanity would be. And they were looking for non negotiable planetary boundaries. So all from their different perspectives, with different areas of expertise, what they found was that there’s nine planetary boundaries. They have identified nine planetary boundaries, and I’ll just read them out now. So they are, number one, climate change. Two, biosphere integrity. Three, nitrogen and phosphorus flows. Four, stratospheric ozone depletion. Five, ocean acidification. Six, freshwater use. Seven, land system change, as we were just talking about, eight, novel entities and chemical pollution, and nine is atmospheric aerosol loading. So they’ve got a really interesting diagram. You should look it up on the Stockholm Resilience center website. I would suggest that to anybody, because they have it in a nice diagram showing a sphere with a safe operating space for humanity, and then it shows where we currently are within each of those nine categories. And unfortunately, what we see is that we’ve already transgressed the boundaries of many of those categories.

Ngakho-ke izinto ezifana ne-biosphere integrity, njengoba beyibiza kanjalo, lokho kungaba yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezinto ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Yebo, sesivele seqe leyo mingcele. Futhi abakutholayo ukuthi awukwazi ukucabangela ngayinye yalezi zigaba ngokuhlukana. Uma umuntu eqa imingcele yakhe, kuba nemiphumela kwezinye izindawo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba uluhlobo lwesimiso esisodwa esiphilayo futhi yonke into ixhumene, vele lokhu kungaba njalo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngingathi ngayinye yalezi inemiphumela egelezayo. Futhi isibonelo esisodwa engicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi manje bayasiqaphela ukulahlekelwa yiqhwa lolwandle olushisayo.

If we look at the cascading effects of that one example, we can see that climate change is causing the loss of polar sea ice, which leads to rising sea levels, coastal erosion, loss of habitats, decline of arctic wildlife, lower fish populations and more extreme weather events and thawing of permafrost. Now, those are just some of the effects, but you can see how everything is interconnected by that one example.

Bayazi futhi ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nobuqotho be-biosphere yizinkomba ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu, futhi sesivele seqe leyo mingcele. Ngakho-ke, uyazi, izinto ziyakhula ngesivinini. Futhi abaphinde bakuxwayise ukuthi kungase kube khona lapho izinto zingalungiseki khona futhi lokho kungase kubangele imiphumela eyinhlekelele engazelelwe. Ngakho-ke, uyazi, izinto zingase zibonakale zilungile futhi zilinganiselwe njengamanje, noma seqe leyo mingcele. Kodwa kungazelelwe okuthile kungase kushaye futhi yonke into ingase ishintshe. Ngakho-ke kuyinganekwane eyisixwayiso, empeleni, ukuthi manje sikulezi zikhathi, futhi sidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo manje ukuletha uguquko ngaphambi kokuthi kwephuze kakhulu.

[00:29:00] UJackie De Burca: Kuyesabeka, kusobala, ukusho okuncane kakhulu. Manje, ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi abangelutho, niyazi, abaqeqeshelwe okuthile. Ezinhlotsheni ezithile bebengeke bezwe ngalokho, kodwa abantu abaningi bebezokwazi nge-UN's 17. ukuthuthuka okungashabalali imigomo. Futhi uma ucabanga ngakho, kufana nje nokuthi cishe iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu kwenziwa umsebenzi kulezi. Kodwa sikuphi nalaba ngisho?

[00:29:25] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, ngiyacabanga. Ngicabanga ukuthi lezo zafakwa ngo-2019. Futhi-ke empeleni, niyazi, kwakuhloselwe ukuba yilawa ma-sdgs. Kube nomfutho omkhulu wokuthi lokhu kuzobe kufinyelelwa ngo-2030. Ngakho-ke kwabizwa ngokuthi ishumi leminyaka lesenzo i-UN eyalibeka endaweni yezinhloso zentuthuko esimeme. Futhi bayibiza ngokuthi ishumi leminyaka lokusebenza. Ukwazi lezi zinto, njengokuthi, isibonelo, ukwazi ngemingcele yeplanethi nalapho sasihlezi khona sazi ukuthi kufanele senze uguquko, uyazi, uguquko oluguquguqukayo okwamanje. Kepha nangaphambi kwe-COVID ama-sdgs ayelandela ngemuva kwesheduli, niyazi, ngokwemibandela yamazwe asebenzisa izinqubomgomo nemithetho ezoletha lezi zinhloso zentuthuko esimeme.

Futhi ngakho-ke nangaphambi kwe-COVID bekusalela emuva. Ngesikhathi se-COVID kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu. Ngakho manje sisemuva kakhulu kuhlelo, ngempela. Ngakho-ke akubukeki kukuhle kakhulu.

Ayibukeki kahle kabi. Kodwa esikwaziyo ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka. Uyazi, lesi kungaba isikhathi soguquko uma sikwazi ukufeza lezi zinhloso zokusimama. Uma kungenjalo, kungaba isikhathi esibuhlungu kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe kungesinye sezinkathi ezibaluleke kakhulu esake sazibona emlandweni wesintu kanye nokukhetha esibhekene nakho manje.

[00:30:56] UJackie De Burca: Ngakho-ke, yebo, lokho kusiholela kahle kakhulu, Alexandra, kuwena uchaza indawo yamasiko obhekisela kuyo encwadini yakho.

[00:31:07] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, ngakho-ke indawo yamasiko. Ngibhale lesi sigaba sencwadi ukuze ngisisize siqonde futhi ngize ngizisize ngiqonde ukuthi sifike kanjani kuleli phuzu. Uyazi, kanjani. Safika kanjani endaweni yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ngokushesha okungaka? Ngakho-ke, uyazi, izinto zisanda kushintsha kakhulu eminyakeni engama-50 kuye kwengama-70 edlule, kusukela ngo-1950, bekukukhulu, ukukhuphuka nokusheshisa kwazo zonke lezi zinguquko zemvelo. Ngakho, noma kunjalo, ngicabanga ukuthi a. Umbuzo onzima kakhulu encwadini yami, ngimane ngijule phezulu ukuthi sifike kanjani kuleli phuzu. Kodwa ngingasho ukuthi, niyazi, isizukulwane sethu sizuze ifa lomhlaba onobudlelwane obungasebenzi nemvelo. Uyazi, ngicabanga ukuthi sazalelwa kulokho. Futhi ubudlelwano obubonakala ngokubusa, ukuxhashazwa, ukuzidla, nokungazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila ngisho nasemphakathini wesintu, kunomehluko omkhulu nokungalingani nokungalingani.

[00:32:26] UJackie De Burca: Nakanjani. Yebo.

[00:32:28] U-Alexandra Steed So the human impact is so intensive and extensive that we now have created the next era of the anthropocene. You know, so. So in years gone by, we would have. And other geological eras. It was great natural forces that brought a new era into being. Now we’re looking at human activity being this force. It’s such a significant and influential force on the planet that we’ve now come into a new era. And anthropocene actually means the recent age of man. So I think that’s quite. Quite interesting. And so, really, it’s been since the 1950s, as I was saying, that there’s been this exponential and unprecedented rise in human impact on the environment that’s been indicated by so many different factors, such as world population, energy use, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, all of these things show us the same upturn. So if you look at them on a graph from 1950 to now, they all have the same swooping up starting at about 1950. And previous to 1950, things were pretty level. You know, we were just kind of bouncing along. And then suddenly at 1950, our impact, you know, it’s like this. They call it the hockey stick curve, and it just keeps accelerating.

Ngakho yilokho esibhekana nakho, futhi yingakho nje kube noshintsho olukhulu kangaka eminyakeni engama-50 kuye kwengama-70 edlule.

[00:34:22] UJackie De Burca: Ngicabanga ukuthi, yebo, lokho kusobala njengenkathi enkulu yoshintsho, kodwa ngempela safika kanjani kule ndawo yomuntu ngokumelene nemvelo, niyazi? Futhi, ucabangani, kusho ukuthini?

[00:34:34] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, kunjalo.

Hhayi-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi lona bekuwumbono osekuphele iminyaka unathi. Uyazi, ngenkathi ngicwaninga le ncwadi, ngathola imibono eminingi kakhulu yefilosofi, enkolweni, emhlabeni wesayensi ohlale wethula lo mbono wokubusa komuntu phezu kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke nginezingcaphuno ezimbalwa lapha ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, u-Aristotle wabhala, imvelo yenze zonke izinto ngokukhethekile ngenxa yomuntu. Ngakho-ke inani lezinto ezingezona ezomuntu liyithuluzi nje, uyazi, noma uDescartes uthi, amakhosi nabanikazi bemvelo. Ubhekisela kanjalo kubantu. Noma wathi uBacon, uhlanga lwesintu malubuyise lelo lungelo phezu kwemvelo engelalo ngefa laphezulu.

[00:35:34] UJackie De Burca: Yebo, wonke angamangcaphuno asuka encwadini yakho. Futhi nganginjalo. Empeleni ngangimesaba kakhulu umfowabo lapho ngizifunda. Ngangifana, Nkulunkulu wami, uyazi, lawa, amagama amakhulu kangaka. Yebo, yebo. Futhi lokho kugxilile kithi ngokuphelele.

[00:35:49] U-Alexandra Steed Impela. Uyazi, unethonya elikhulu kuyo yonke leyo mibono, yonke leyo mibono, bese unakho. Iqondise imicabango yethu yesayensi, ifilosofi yethu, amafilosofi ethu, izinkolo zethu. Uyazi, yonke le mibono igxilile ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, sizalelwe kulokhu kungasebenzi. Hhayi-ke, engikholwa ukuthi wukungasebenzi kahle, ukuthi asiyona ingxenye yemvelo kodwa sihlukene nayo. Futhi hhayi nje ukwehlukana, kodwa sikholelwa ukuthi asihlukene futhi asiphelelisi futhi sihlukene, kodwa siyalingana, kodwa sihlukene futhi siyabusa futhi singcono kunakho, futhi siphakeme ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Ngakho lokho kugxilile kithi ngokuphelele, kuzo zonke izinhlelo esinazo kwezomnotho wethu, niyazi, kweyethu. Kukho konke, uyazi. Nayizolo, noma kwesinye isiqephu sethu, esiqeshini sokuqala, besikhuluma ngokuthi ukuziphatha kwethu akusangeni nasemhlabeni. Ngakho-ke sikhuluma kuphela ngezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nobudlelwano nabanye abantu. Kodwa ngenxa yalo mbono wokubusa phezu kwemvelo, asikaze sicabange ukuthi kudingekile ukuba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimilo mayelana nendlela esihlobana ngayo nemvelo. Ngakho-ke, uyazi, ngingasho ukuthi kuneminye imiphakathi, kunezinye izinkolo namafilosofi emhlabeni wonke nakuzo zonke izinkathi eziye zaba neminye imibono, lokhu bekungewona ukuphela kombono wabantu ngokumelene nemvelo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, umqondo wefilosofi yamaShayina we-yin ne-yang, okhombisa kakhulu uhlobo olumnyama nokumhlophe, kodwa ukuthi axhumene kanjani, amandla aphikisanayo adingana futhi ahlala ndawonye kuphela lapho ebonwa. ngobunye.

Futhi ngakho-ke lolo uhlobo lwenkulumo, ngicabanga, ukuthi manje sidinga ukusebenzela ukuqonda lokho.

Ukuqonda ukuthi abantu nemvelo, nakuba kungase kube khona umehluko phakathi kwethu, uyazi, kuhlale kukhona ukuqashelwa njengokwakho. Njengoba wena njengomuntu ngamunye, kodwa futhi wena njengengxenye yonke enkulu kakhulu. Futhi ngakho lezo zinto ezimbili kufanele zihlale zikhunjulwa.

[00:38:15] UJackie De Burca: Impela. Futhi ngicabanga ngaboMdabu baseMelika, ngiyazi ukuthi lokho kuwuhlobo olushanela kakhulu lwesitatimende. Ngokusobala kunezizwe eziningi ezahlukene, kodwa zibhekisela kubaba isibhakabhaka nomama woMhlaba. Uyazi, kusemqoka kakhulu, akunjalo?

[00:38:27] U-Alexandra Steed Exactly, yeah. So, you know, we could be looking to many indigenous populations around the world. There’s so many other ways of looking at the world. But in western philosophical thought, we’ve definitely been led by. By a very dualistic approach.

[00:38:43] UJackie De Burca: Impela, ngicabanga ukuthi sibaluleke ngempela futhi siphakeme ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izidalwa ezisemhlabeni, kodwa uma ngicabanga ngakho, futhi incwadi yakho igqamisa lokhu kahle kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi sasiwuhlobo olungelutho ngempela, sasingenjalo?

[00:38:58] U-Alexandra Steed Awu, kunjalo. Uyazi, ngakho-ke, ngisho, uma ucabangela ubude besikhathi sokuphila kweplanethi enguMhlaba, futhi ngafunda ndawana thize, uyazi, uma wawubheka njengewashi lamahora ayishumi nambili, abantu bavela kuphela emizuzwaneni embalwa yokugcina. Ngakho ngisho ngokomlando weplanethi, asibalulekile kakhulu. Simane nje siyibhilidi ekugcineni. Futhi, uyazi, ezikhathini eziningi zomlando wesintu, abantu babengelutho. Zazifana ncamashí nanoma iyiphi enye indlela yokuphila emhlabeni, enonyawo olula kakhulu.

Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kwakunguCarl Jung owathi umuntu wasendulo akazange azibone njengenkosi yendalo nokuthi empeleni ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane kwaphelela endlovu, hhayi ngomuntu ohlotsheni lwabo lwe-schema yomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, uyazi, muva nje ukuthi sibe nalo mbono futhi sibe nale ndima yokuba uhlobo lwempilo ebusayo emhlabeni.

So, you know, I’d say that considering climate change and biodiversity is really important in this whole history of humankind as well, because it’s only because of stable climatic conditions and because of the rich biodiversity and ecosystems around us that has allowed for human progress and development in the more recent years. So when I say recent years, I’m talking sort of like 12,000. So that’s when the Holocene epic came into being and this introduced a very stable, moderate climate, and it allowed then for the agricultural revolution to happen. So rather than, you know, constantly being on the move and having to adapt to. To different weather systems and climate systems, now humankind could kind of stay put and start to work the land. And that was only possible because of stable seasons and climate.

Ngakho-ke yonke leyo nqubekelaphambili esiyibonile, uyazi, ukuthi esikubonile kubantu manje kuba uhlobo lwenkosi yendalo, njenge.

Njengoba ngicabanga, uBacon asho, lokho kwenzeke ngenxa yalezi zimo zezulu ezimangalisayo kanye nokunotha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezisizungezile.

[00:41:48] UJackie De Burca: Kuyahlekisa uma ucabanga ngakho, akunjalo?

[00:41:50] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, yebo, impela.

[00:41:54] UJackie De Burca: Noma kunjalo, uma uqhubeka engxenyeni elandelayo yencwadi yakho, ithini inkolelo-mbono kaMaslow yokugqugquzela?

[00:42:03] U-Alexandra Steed Kulungile. Nokho, ngikhulume ngethiyori kaMaslow yokugqugquzela ngoba, kahle, nje. Ukubuyela emuva embonweni ebesikhuluma ngawo, ukuthi intuthuko kumuntu ngamunye nasemphakathini ingenzeka kuphela uma izidingo eziyisisekelo zomzimba nezokuphepha kuhlangatshezwana nazo. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi ngicwaninga ngomlando wesintu, ukuthi kungenze ngacabanga ngemfundiso kaMaslow yokugqugquzela, ngoba ngacabanga, oh, yebo, kahle, lokhu, uyazi, ngicabanga ukuthi ukhuluma ngakho kakhulu ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, kodwa ngabona ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi lokho kwakuxhunywe kanjani nomphakathi ezingeni elikhulu kakhulu. Futhi ukuthi ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezizinzile kanye nokunotha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezahlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zesintu, kwanikeza indawo ephephile. Futhi thina, uyazi, sikwazile ukuthola ukudla namanzi ahlanzekile kalula. Siyakwazi, uyazi, ukuba nendawo yokukhosela ukusivikela. Futhi uma lezo zinto sezenziwe, uma lezo zidingo sezihlangatshezwane, umuntu ngamunye noma umphakathi uzokwazi ukuqhubekela phambili nalokho njengesisekelo. Uyazi, uma ulokhu uzibuza njalo, o, ngizokuthathaphi ukudla kwami ​​okulandelayo? Noma uma yonke imizamo oyenzayo yokuthuthukisa into ebhuntshiwe futhi yonakaliswe isiphepho, noma, uyazi, wonke lawa amanye amandla emvelo njengoba kwenzeka ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ngaphambili, khona-ke ngeke ukwazi ukuqhubekela phambili. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi sizijabulele lezi zimo ezinhle nezizinzile, kuvumele isintu ukuthi sithuthuke futhi sidlulele phambili. Ngakho-ke yingakho ngilethe leyo thiyori yesisusa, ukukhombisa ukuthi kungenxa yalesi sikhathi esimangalisayo seHolocene esivumele lokho ukuba kwenzeke, esivumele intuthuko yomuntu. Futhi empeleni, ososayensi balinganisele ukuthi le nkathi yeHolocene cishe ngabe iqhubeke eminye iminyaka engama-50,000. Leso yisilinganiso sokuthi ngabe isanda kuqhubeka isikhathi eside.

Kodwa ngenxa yethonya labantu, lokho manje sekuzophela, futhi sesiqala ukubona uguquko manje.

[00:44:23] UJackie De Burca: Futhi ngaphakathi komthelela womuntu, ukubuyela kokuthile, ukucosha entweni oyishilo ekuqaleni, okungukuthi, uyazi, ukuphakama, ngisho naphakathi komphakathi wesintu uqobo, ngokusobala okuhlukile, uyazi, ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Kucishe kufane nethiyori yokugqugquzela, ngoba ungaba ohlukile, ngingaba ohlukile, futhi ngiyazi abantu abaningi abanjalo, kodwa abantu abaningi bamsulwa, abaphumeleli emphakathini esiwudalile. , uma bedlula. Futhi lokho kusho ukuthi empeleni abaguquki njengabantu uqobo, ngoba kufanele bavuke ekuseni baye emsebenzini abawuzondayo ukuze balethe imali ekhaya ukuze baphile kulo mphakathi manje.

[00:45:05] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, kuyiqiniso. Ngisho, futhi. Futhi ukungalingani emhlabeni kuyakhula.

Muva nje, sibone umehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwe-Covid, odale ukungalingani okwedlulele kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Manje sinalesi simo lapho i-1% kuphela manje isilawula umhlaba omningi nomcebo, futhi abanye abantu banokuncane kakhulu. Niyazi, iningi. Iningi labantu emhlabeni alinakho ukufinyelela emhlabeni walo noma amandla okulima ukudla kanye nalolo hlobo lwento. Ngakho-ke siphila ezweni manje elinokungalingani okukhulu nokungalingani.

[00:45:52] UJackie De Burca: Okusiletha ekuxoxeni ngemodeli yedonathi kaKate Raworth, engiyazi ukuthi idume kakhulu. Kodwa, kunjalo, ukuvezile encwadini yakho, ngakho-ke jabula ukuthola umbono wakho ngakho.

[00:46:03] U-Alexandra Steed Yebo, kuhle, ngicabanga ukuthi kulenga kahle kakhulu ngemingcele yeplanethi ngoba, vele, isazi sezomnotho u-Kate Rayworth, esikhuluma ngaye, sihlanganise leyo mingcele yeplanethi kumodeli yezomnotho entsha. Ngakho-ke uyisazi sezomnotho saseBrithani, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi wayekhungathekile kakhulu ngalokho ayekubona emhlabeni wezomnotho kangangokuthi kwakugxile kakhulu, niyazi, ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo ku-GDP ukuthi lokhu kuwukuphela kwenkomba yempumelelo njengesizwe. Futhi, uyazi, i-lens enjalo nje ebuthuntu, ewumngcingo lapho ucabangela ukunotha kokuphila. Ngakho-ke wayefuna indlela esimeme, efana neka-Johann Rockstrom, ngicabanga ukuthi wayebheka imodeli yakhe yezomnotho ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zabo bonke abantu kuyilapho ehlonipha imingcele yeplanethi.

Ngakho-ke wahlanganisa imigomo nezinkomba ze-UN zentuthuko esimeme wabe esebeka lezo emasongweni nemingcele yeplanethi. Ngakho kubizwa. Ibizwa ngokuthi imodeli ye-donut yezomnotho ngenxa yokuthi inalezi zindandatho ezimbili, bese kuthi phakathi kwezindandatho ezimbili lesi sikhala esiphephile nesilungile sokuthi isintu sihlale phakathi kwalokho.

So it shows, I think the richness of this model shows that human prosperity and ecological health go hand in hand. They can’t really be considered in isolation. All of our economics, all of our economic structures are really based on nature and on natural resources. So fresh water, mining, fishing, all of these things, timber, logging, they’re all based on natural resources. And so to consider it without considering nature is crazy. You know, it’s insanity, really.

[00:48:16] UJackie De Burca: Ikona. Ikona. Ngakho, yebo. Iyini intando yeningi yomhlaba?

[00:48:22] U-Alexandra Steed Hhayi-ke, lowo ngumbono engicabanga ukuthi nawo uxhumene kakhulu neminye yalezi ezinye. Ngakho-ke intando yeningi yoMhlaba ingumqondo owabekwa phambili. Uyinkanyezi ye-rock yemvelo, ngingasho, kodwa futhi isazi sefilosofi, umbhali. Ungowesifazane omangalisayo ogama lakhe linguVandana Shiva. Ngakho-ke uyisazi saseNdiya esasungula igama elithi intando yeningi emhlabeni ukuchaza umqondo womndeni wasemhlabeni.

Ngakho-ke kufana ncamashi, ngingasho, kumbono ka-Aldo Leopold wesimiso sokuziphatha komhlaba lapho zonke izidalwa zibhekwa futhi zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zinamalungelo alinganayo okuphila ngezipho zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke ulwela amalungelo azo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, ukuthi sonke singabahlali bomhlaba nokuthi umnotho, imvelo kanye nabantu kufanele kubhekwe ngokulingana.

So, actually, in both of their books, in Kate Raworth’s book and in one of the books that I read by Vandana Shiva, they were both talking about.

Mayelana ne-etymology yegama elithi economics and ecology, empeleni banayo. Awu, bobabili ba-eco, akunjalo? Ngakho lokho kuvela ku-oikos yesiGreki, okusho ukuthi indlu.

Futhi kunjalo nje, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi iziqalo zabo zazihambisana kanjani impela. Uyazi, baphuma empandeni efanayo. Namuhla, asicabangi kanjalo ngabo. Asicabangi uhlobo lwe-ecology esigabeni esifanayo nesomnotho, kodwa zincikene kakhulu futhi zixhumene kakhulu. Futhi ukuze ucabange, uyazi, lowo mqondo wasekhaya wokuthi sinakekela lo mndeni nokuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo zingabahlali kule planethi futhi zonke zidinga ukunakekelwa nokukhuliswa.

[00:50:35] UJackie De Burca: Kumnandi. Manje, sibe nengxoxo enhle ngalesi siqephu, ngakho-ke sizosiqeda ngoba silandela ngokunengqondo ukuhlelwa kwencwadi yakho. Ngakho-ke sizokhumbuza abantu ukuthi lesi yisiqephu sesibili kuphela kulolu chungechunge, ngakho-ke sicela ulalele esokuqala kanye nezinye kamuva. Futhi sizoqedela ngokuthi iyiphi indawo enhle kakhulu.

[00:50:59] U-Alexandra Steed All right, well, I, I finished up this part of the book with, I would like to call it sort of a pause just to consider the, the magnificence of this world within which we reside. You know, we are so fortunate to be here inhabiting this planet. It’s really the only place of life known, you know, within our solar system or galaxy or universe. We don’t know of any other place that can support humanity or life in general, and here we are. And, you know, this landscape that envelops the globe is called the biosphere when it’s considered as one in totality. And that biosphere is made up of all places of life, all known locations of life. So it includes the water, the land, the air, but it only is about 20 km in depth. And when you consider that, you know, the cross section, if you were to slice the globe, is about 12,000, is where all life exists, not just here, but anywhere in the universe. It’s pretty amazing. And it makes you realize how vulnerable, how precious the biosphere is and how each one of the landscapes that makes up that precious biosphere, they’re all important and they’re all linked. I like to think of it as a tapestry.

Futhi, niyazi, ukuthi ngayinye yalezi zindawo ezinhle kangaka inendima yayo okufanele iyidlale kanye nengxenye yayo ebaluleke kakhulu kubuqotho bawo wonke. Ngakho-ke njenge-tapestry, niyazi, yonke i-tapestry ilenga ndawonye, ​​kodwa uma ucabanga ukuthi umucu owodwa ukhishwa kuleyo tapestry, ingaqala ukuqaqa yonke into. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kungukuthi, leso yisingathekiso esihle impela ukucabanga ngomhlaba. Kufanele sivikele futhi sinakekele intambo ngayinye, ngayinye yezindawo zethu, ngoba ibalulekile kubuqotho bawo wonke. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe ukuphi, uyazi, noma kuphi lapho uhlala khona, leyo ndawo ibalulekile futhi idinga ukunakekelwa kwakho.

[00:53:25] UJackie De Burca: Lokho kuhle kakhulu, futhi kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuqeda lesi siqephu esithile. Kungumcabango omuhle kakhulu kubo bonke abantu abalalele noma ababukele ukuthi bahambe nabo futhi bazindle nje. Futhi ngethemba ukuthi lapho behlangabezana nesimo sabo sezwe, kuzobuyela ekwazini kwabo futhi kubakhuthaze ukuthi benze okufanele.

[00:53:48] U-Alexandra Steed Kube yinjabulo ukukhuluma nawe. Nawe wakuthanda ngokuphelele.

[00:53:54] UJackie De Burca: Kuyathakazelisa ngempela, uyazi. Isiqephu ngasinye, ngicabanga ukuthi, siya ngokuya sijula ​​ezindabeni obhekana nazo encwadini yakho. Futhi, niyazi, vele uzizwe kanjalo ngokuyihlola ngale ndlela. Baningi, yebo. Miningi kakhulu imicu eyahlukene phezulu, ku-tapestry ezayo. Yebo.

Ngakho ngiyabonga kakhulu.

[00:54:17] U-Alexandra Steed Ngiyabonga, Jackie.