Dorewa a Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi da Muhalli da Aka Gina - Me Ya Sa Kwakwalwarku Ke Bukatar Birane Masu Kyau

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Lura cewa an samar da rubutun ta hanyar dijital kuma yana iya ƙunsar kurakurai.

[00:00:00]Voice Over: This is Constructive Voices. Constructive Voices, the podcast for the construction people with news, views and expert interviews.

[00:00:12] Mark: Barka da zuwa jerin shirye-shiryen Constructive Voices waɗanda suka zurfafa cikin dorewar jijiyoyi da kuma yanayin da aka gina.

Muna binciken aikin ɗalibin tallafin karatu na Cambridge, Mohammad Hesham Khalil, wanda muke ganin ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin tsare-tsare da gine-gine a faɗin duniya.

Mohammed kuma yana gabatar muku da wasu manyan kwararru na duniya a lokacin wannan gajeren shirin shirye-shiryen rediyo.

Af, wannan shirin yana da cikakken bayani wanda muke ganin da yawa daga cikinku za su so su zurfafa bincike a kai.

Saboda wannan dalili, shafin bayanai na rubutun shirin ya ƙunshi sashe don ƙarin bincike tare da nassoshi daban-daban na kimiyya.

[00:00:52] Jackie De Burca: Barka da safiya ko barka da yamma. Wannan Jackie De Burca ce a nan daga Constructive Voices. Ina da abin da na yi imani zai zama wata hira mai ban sha'awa a gare ku a yau. Ina tare da Mohammad Hesham Coming Khalil. Kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki akan wata ka'ida mai ban mamaki ta dorewar jijiyoyi wanda ke da alaƙa da muhallin da aka gina. Don amfanin masu sauraronmu a Constructive Voices. Mohamed, na gode da ɗaukar lokaci don kasancewa tare da mu a yau. Za ku iya gabatar da kanku a takaice?

[00:01:19] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Ina jin daɗi. Sannunku, kowa da kowa. Ni ne Mohammed. Ni mai zane ne, mai bincike a fannin ilimin halittar kwakwalwa, kuma ɗan takarar digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Cambridge, ina binciken alaƙar wadatar muhalli da kuma aikin jijiyoyi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin da zai kai ga dorewar ku. Musamman ma, mayar da hankalina kan wadatar muhalli ya fara ne da yanayin birane sannan ya faɗaɗa zuwa aikace-aikacen gine-gine don haɓaka aikin jijiyoyi ta hanyar haɓaka motsi, fahimta da gani.

[00:01:47] Jackie De Burca: Me ya fara jawo ku don gano wannan tsaka-tsakin tsakanin neuroscience da gine-gine?

[00:01:54] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: A lokacin kulle-kullen ne, a gaskiya, lokacin da na fara ganin mutane da yawa suna jin baƙin ciki da kuma yawan damuwa, hakan ya haifar da wani abu game da muhallin da aka gina, musamman ma wasu mutane sun ci gaba da waɗannan alamun ko da bayan kulle-kullen. Don haka wannan sauyi daga fuskantar muhallin da aka gina ta wata hanya ta musamman sannan komawa baya abin faɗakarwa ne ga. Fara ganin wannan alaƙar tsakanin muhallin da aka gina da kwakwalwar ɗan adam, domin na san cewa yana da alaƙa da lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma aikin fahimta shine ainihin abin da ya motsa ni. Kuma na fara son bincika wannan a lokacin Digiri na biyu. Ya kasance tsakanin fannoni daban-daban tsakanin gine-gine da ilimin jijiyoyi, musamman ilimin jijiyoyi da aka yi amfani da shi. Kuma wannan shine wurin tashi, wanda ya dogara da shi na fara yin digiri na uku a Jami'ar Cambridge don bincika wannan tasirin muhallin da aka gina akan ilimin jijiyoyi a cikin zurfi.

[00:03:01] Jackie De Burca: To, abin mamaki ne. Yanzu gaya min a takaice, Mohammed, mene ne game da kullewa da kwakwalwar da ka lura da ita?

[00:03:09] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: To, an tabbatar da hakan daga baya a lokacin wani bincike na gwaji da muka yi a nan Cambridge, amma ya shafi raguwar yawan fallasa ga wani abu da muke kira a Kimiyya, sarkakiyar sarari, yana da yawa a cikin muhallin waje kuma yana da yawa a cikin muhallin halitta fiye da muhallin birane. Amma idan muka shafe lokaci mai yawa a cikin gida, hakan ba shi da kyau ga kwakwalwarmu. Kuma akwai ƙarin shaida. Yana da ƙaranci, amma akwai isassun shaidu don tallafawa wannan hasashe ba wai kawai saboda rashin fallasa ga babban sarkakiyar sarari ba, har ma da raguwar yawan motsa jiki, baƙin ciki da damuwa, har ma a tsakanin mutane masu lafiya, ba tare da babban rashin jin daɗi ba. Amma mun riga mun san cewa akwai wasu bincike da suka nuna cewa mutanen da ke aiki a gida suna da raguwar matakan baƙin ciki da damuwa. Kuma kimiyya ta ce baƙin ciki da wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa, musamman gyrus na hakori a cikin hippocampus, inda wani abu da ake kira neurogenesis ke faruwa. Kuma wasu alamun halittu, kun sani, suna samuwa kamar alwatika wanda ke ba da labari mai yawa game da yadda muhallin da aka gina ke shafar wannan muhallin halittu na ciki.

Komawa waje inda mutane za su iya yin salon rayuwa mai aiki, ƙarin fallasa ga sarkakiyar yanayi da sauransu, shine maganin.

[00:04:36] Jackie De Burca: Ina nufin, kawai wani batu ne mai ban sha'awa domin ina tsammanin, kun sani, tare da COVID da kullewa 'yan shekaru da suka gabata, muna yin rikodin wannan a cikin 2025. Kun sani, har yanzu wani abu ne da ya shafi mutane da membobin iyalansu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Don haka wannan batu, duk da cewa kimiyya ce sosai, ina tsammanin har yanzu yana da alaƙa da mutane, ko ba haka ba?

[00:04:54] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Na yarda.

[00:04:55] Jackie De Burca: To kai da kanka, a bayyane yake cewa ka kasance a cikin wasu wurare daban-daban na aikinka da karatunka, Alkahira, Boston da Cambridge. Shin ka lura da yadda waɗannan muhallin suka yi tasiri ga tunaninka game da sararin samaniya da lafiya?

[00:05:08] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Haka ne, a zahiri, saboda wani ɓangare na sarkakiyar sarari, kun sani, kawai ina so in yi bayani a taƙaice kafin in yi bayani game da yadda na yi hulɗa da wannan ƙwarewar. Ba mu da shaidu da ake da su game da sarkakiyar sarari, amma muna da shaidu da yawa bisa ga samfuran dabbobi. Kuma wannan na iya zama kamar abin dariya, amma kwakwalwar ɗan adam da kwakwalwar dabbobi suna da kama da juna sosai. Don haka canza yanayi, wannan tsari da kansa sabuntawa ne na sarkakiyar sarari da muke fuskanta. Motsawa daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata sannan komawa baya. Bayan ɗan lokaci ina aiki a kan digiri na uku da komawa baya, na fara lura da waɗannan canje-canjen. Kuma hakan yana goyon bayan hasashen da na yi a zuciya cewa ba wai kawai asarar motsa jiki da ke shafar yanayin gabaɗaya ba, amma saboda motsa jiki wani ɓangare ne na rayuwa kyauta, ba lallai ne ku sanya shi tsari ba. Amma kuma an ruwaito canza wuri a cikin wasu bincike don inganta yanayi da kuma inganta aikin fahimta.

Don haka yana da lafiya sosai. Yana fuskantar nau'ikan sarkakiyar sarari daban-daban a yanayi da yankuna daban-daban.

[00:06:18] Jackie De Burca: I can agree with you because as some people already know, I am Irish and I’ve lived in Spain for an awfully long time, but I’ve also lived in Greece and also in the uk, so I have a little bit of my own experience of that. And I could say also that, yeah, when I come back over to Spain, having visited Ireland, I find this whole process that you’ve just explained very well.

[00:06:38] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Eh, na sani. Kuma kuna da labarai masu ban sha'awa game da yadda hakan ya haifar da kirkire-kirkire.

[00:06:42] Jackie De Burca: Tabbas. Don haka bari mu shiga cikin ainihin babban abin da aikinka ya mayar da hankali a kai, babban kalmar sirri, idan kana son sabon dorewa. Ta yaya za ka bayyana shi, Mohammed, ga wani da ke jin hakan a karon farko?

[00:06:55] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Haka ne. Da farko dai, kwakwalwa ba ta da ƙarfi. Don haka koyaushe tana canzawa. Kuma ana iya ganin wasu canje-canje a ɗan gajeren lokaci, wasu kuma a matsayin na dogon lokaci, amma tana canzawa.

Don haka kwakwalwa tana canzawa ta hanya mai kyau idan tana cikin yanayi na halitta.

Don haka lokacin da muka yi amfani da kalmar dorewa don kiyaye duniya, dole ne ta kasance mai haɗaka kuma ta haɗa da kwakwalwa. Don haka wannan shine burina na haskaka dorewar jijiyoyi a matsayin hanyar rayuwa, ginawa da kuma kiyaye lafiya a matakai daban-daban. Za mu iya cewa fahimta, tunani da ƙari, amma kalma ce mai haɗaka wadda kuma ke ƙalubalantar yanayin da ake da shi. Kuma saboda kalmar sabon tsarin gini da aka yi amfani da shi fiye da kima yana ɗaukar alkibla daban-daban kuma yana mai da hankali kan hanyoyin fahimta da ƙari, yana da ƙarin ɗabi'a. Don haka na yi tunanin muna buƙatar sabon kalmar sirri, yana nuna wani abu da aka yi watsi da shi ko a'a. Ganin wannan babban kulawa. Duk da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci, kamar yadda muka gani a lokacin kulle-kullen.

[00:08:03] Jackie De Burca: Hakika. To, eh, ba shakka akwai barkwanci da yawa a shafukan sada zumunta. Mutane za su tuna da wannan, mutane suna samun karnuka, kun sani, don samun damar shiga cikin yanayi da duk wani abu makamancin haka. Yanzu a bayyane kuke mai da hankali kan sarkakiyar sararin samaniya da kuka riga kuka taɓa da kuma wadatar muhalli. Ta yaya waɗannan ke shafar kwakwalwa a matakin halittu?

[00:08:20] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Eh. Don haka muna koyo da yawa game da wadatar muhalli daga samfuran beraye saboda suna cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa tun daga haihuwa har zuwa mutuwa. Kuma masu bincike sun sami damar fahimtar tasirin sarkakiyar sarari, ƙafafun gudu da sauransu. Don haka mun fahimci cewa muhalli mai wadata, ba tare da la'akari da yadda muka ayyana shi ga samfurin dabba ko batun ɗan adam ba, wani abu ne da ke da mahimmanci don ciyar da kwakwalwar ɗan adam. Kuma wannan shine abin da kwakwalwar ɗan adam ke buƙata don ciyarwa da tallafawa martanin neuroplastic ɗinsa. Yana iya canzawa ta hanya mai kyau, wanda za'a iya nuna shi a cikin ƙaruwar yawan kwakwalwa, ƙaruwar matakan biomarker, kamar yadda muke kiran su abubuwan ci gaba. Akwai wanda ake kira brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF da sauransu. Alaƙa tsakanin wadatar muhalli da sakamakon da muke cewa aikin fahimta da lafiyar kwakwalwa yana da ƙarin matakai a tsakiya. Don haka fallasa farko ga wadatar muhalli yana fara ƙara matakan waɗannan abubuwan ci gaba waɗanda ke da alaƙa da sauran hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta da yawa. Amma hakan ana ɗaukarsa ne don inganta aikin fahimta.

Yana aiki a matsayin maganin rage damuwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin bincike da yawa. Kuma a lokaci guda yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa ta hanyar ƙara yawanta don mayar da martani ga ƙarfin synaptic ko neurogenesis. Amma neurogenesis wani abu ne da ke da matuƙar muhimmanci. Kun sani, yana game da ƙwaƙwalwa ne, amma gabaɗaya tsari ne mai layi da tsayi wanda ke sa mu sake tunani idan muna ɗaukar wadatar muhalli a cikin muhallinmu da wasa kuma idan da gaske muna buƙatar sabon samfuri a gare mu a matsayinmu na mutane waɗanda ke gina muhallinsu.

[00:10:09] Jackie De Burca: Wace rawa Muhamamd ke takawa wajen inganta lafiyar kwakwalwa, musamman a birane?

[00:10:15] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah. With the rapid increase of urbanization, there are lots of things to talk about. First of all, spatial complexity, of course, and how the environment promotes and encourages everyday physical activity. That can be a moderate intensity walk or cycling. The more we rely on transportation, the more we are exposed to build further than natural environments. We’re losing more of the essence found in nature. And that in turn, you know, it doesn’t provide the brain with what it needs.

[00:10:43] Jackie De Burca: To, ina tsammanin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da nake tunani a kai yayin da nake bincike, kun sani, aikinku kafin tattaunawarmu ta yau shine amfani da motoci, sufuri, nau'ikan sufuri daban-daban, kuma kasancewarmu a cikin gida yana da shekaru ƙarnoni kaɗan ne kawai, ko ba haka ba? Don haka idan kun kwatanta hakan da irin wannan dogon lokaci a baya sannan na san cewa batu ne daban. Amma idan kun kalli abubuwan da suka faru na kwayoyin halitta daga kakanninmu, ƙwaƙwalwar kwayoyin halitta, duk waɗannan abubuwan, ba abu ne na halitta ba a gare mu mu makale a cikin akwatuna da tsarin sufuri na inji, ko ba haka ba?

[00:11:15] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah, exactly. And it’s very critical for our evolution. Why we need to reconsider, consider this is because we are moving forward. And if we look forward, it would be like maybe not good for our brains. Maybe the next generation will not benefit from what we’re doing right now. So yeah, we may really touch on important topics that may seem irrelevant, but they are part of this debate. Climate change, for instance, it is affecting the innate spatial complexity found in nature. So we are not just building environments that are in which. But we need to sustain the environment enrichment that is found in nature. And also, like you mentioned, transportation is really important because pollution has been found to impair the increase in growth factors and other molecules. Even if we make our environments more green, if there is high air pollution that has it, it’s called like an antagonistic variable, so counteracts the positive impact of. Of an enriched element.

Don haka yana da matuƙar rikitarwa da rikitarwa, amma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a duba kowanne. Menene wadatar muhalli? Ba wai kawai game da motsa jiki da sarkakiyar sarari ba ne. Yana cikin matsalolin da muke fuskanta a cikin tsararrakinmu.

[00:12:24] Jackie De Burca: Kawai saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da aka tattauna a cikin shirye-shiryen da suka gabata, dokar bambancin rayuwa da kuma wannan ribar da ta fara aiki a Burtaniya. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, an yi sabbin tattaunawa da gyare-gyare da rashin tabbas game da shi. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da muka yi ƙoƙarin gabatar da su tare da wasu baƙi shine idan kuna haɓaka tsarin birane, me zai hana ku haɗa da yanayi da yawa kuma kada ku lalata yanayin da ake ciki? Domin a ƙarshen rana, zai fi kyau ga mutanen da ke son saka hannun jari ko zama a can.

[00:12:53] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Daidai. Na fahimci dalilin da ya sa ba a ba wannan kulawa ko kulawa sosai ba, domin kwanan nan ne aka samu ƙarin shaida da ke nuna cewa, eh, muhallin kore yana da tasiri ga kwakwalwa kuma muhallin da aka gina shi ma yana da tasiri, amma wani abu ne daban. Don haka samun alhakin dorewa, ina ganin yana zuwa ba wai kawai don ceton duniya ba ne, amma muna yin hakan ne don kanmu, kafin duniya da kuma ta cikin duniya. Don haka ina ganin canjin yanayi zai zo nan ba da jimawa ba.

[00:13:23] Jackie De Burca: Haka ne, kuma a bayyane yake cewa hakan zai zama abin maraba sosai. Abin takaici, kuma, ba wai rashin son kai ba ne, amma kawai yin gaskiya game da mutanen da muka yi magana da su da kuma bincike da muka yi. Abin takaici, a matsayinmu na mutane, girman kai yana kan hanyar ci gaba daban-daban. Kuma lokacin da ka yi magana da mutane game da abin da zai amfane su da iyalansu da kuma walat ɗinsu, za su iya danganta hakan. Kafin, abin takaici, abin takaici, manyan batutuwa.

[00:13:44] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Eh, hakika. Akwai bincike mai zuwa kan wannan. Ba zan iya ƙarin bayani game da shi a yanzu ba, abin takaici. Amma eh, kai gaskiya ne. Wani abu ne da, ka sani, mutane suna tunanin abubuwan da ke da ma'ana a gare su a da, ka sani, suna tunanin abin da ya fi muhimmanci, kamar ga duniya ko duk abin da yake kama da shi don amfanin mafi girma. Amma shi ke nan. Da gaske ne. Ba ya rabuwa, ɓangarori biyu ne na abu ɗaya.

[00:14:09] Jackie De Burca: Mm. Hakika. Bangare biyu na tsabar kuɗi ɗaya a cikin karatunka. Mohammed, a kan tafiya, wanda ke burge ni, aikin hippocampal, menene wasu daga cikin sakamako mafi ban mamaki ko tabbatarwa da ka samu?

[00:14:22] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Eh, abin ya burge ni sosai domin ba wai kawai hippocampus yana ƙaruwa ba ne a mayar da martani ga, kun sani, ƙarin adadin matakai da ƙarfin tafiya mai yawa, amma kuma yana da sauƙin tafiya a cikin muhallin da aka gina. Kowane ƙarin kilomita 1 na iya zama ƙasa da haka. Akwai alaƙa mai layi tsakanin ƙaruwar yawan hippocampus da ƙaruwar iya tafiya a cikin birane. Don haka ba wai kawai gani bane kuma ba wai kawai game da gurɓatawa bane, har ma game da abubuwa biyu na birane. Ɗayan kuma shine cewa hippocampus ɗin kansa yana da rikitarwa kuma kowane ɓangare nasa yana amsawa daban-daban ga tafiya. Don haka ɓangaren game da daidaita motsin rai yana amfana da ƙarancin tafiya mai ƙarfi a cikin yanayi na halitta wanda ke maido da yanayi.

Yayin da tafiya mai ƙarfi, misali, yana ƙara yawan sauran sassan da ke cikin hippocampus waɗanda ke da alhakin aikin fahimta. Don haka abin sha'awa ne cewa babu mafita guda ɗaya, amma muna buƙatar wannan bambancin kuma muna buƙatar wannan rikitarwa.

[00:15:25] Jackie De Burca: Yanzu zan tambaye ku a takaice bayani inda hippocampus yake da kuma abin da yake yi a cikin sauƙi.

[00:15:32] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Eh. Don haka, a ɓangaren waje na kwakwalwa, muna da cortex na gaba, parietal cortex da sauransu, da kuma na occipital, temporal lobe suma. Don haka wannan shine babban ɓangaren da mutane da yawa ke gani lokacin da suka ga ainihin hoton kwakwalwa. Amma a cikin ciki, a tsakiyar ɓangaren limbic system, muna da hippocampus ɗaya a gefen dama da hagu. Ana ba shi wannan suna saboda da gaske yana kama da hippocampus.

Haka yake, kamar yadda kowane ɓangare na kwakwalwar ɗan adam ke canzawa a girma da kuma martanin da yake bayarwa ga muhalli da salon rayuwa.

[00:16:07] Jackie De Burca: Ta yaya za ku auna abubuwa kamar iyawar muhalli ko sarkakiyar sarari?

[00:16:13] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Haka ne, don haka a halin yanzu ina aiki kan sarkakiyar sarari sama da shekara guda domin ana iya fassara hakan daga samfuran beraye. Amma wanda na riga na buga game da wadatar muhalli don motsa jiki shine game da yadda muhalli zai iya samar da wurare da matakala masu tafiya, damar hawan keke, wanda hakan, kamar yadda muka faɗa a baya, yana ƙara abubuwan ci gaba a cikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam da tsarin jijiyoyi na gefe waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don haɓaka neuroplasticity. Domin, kun sani, mu. A cikin wannan samfurin, na ƙididdige wadatar muhalli don motsa jiki ta hanyar Kudin kuzari, musamman ta amfani da daidaitattun metabolism. Misali, idan kuna tafiya da matsakaicin ƙarfin matakai 100 a minti ɗaya, wannan yayi daidai da matsakaicin ƙarfin jiki wanda ya fi daidai da 3 na metabolism a cikin yanayin hutawa, kuna da daidaiton metabolism na 1 kawai daga daidai 3.5 na metabolism kuma yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yana ƙara damar ƙara matakan abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaba a cikin kwakwalwa waɗanda muka ambata a baya, waɗanda kuma suka fara daidaita neurogenesis a cikin hippocampus, wanda ke nufin haihuwar sabbin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa. An nuna kwanan nan cewa wannan tsari yana ci gaba har zuwa shekaru goma na rayuwar ɗan adam. Don haka bai kamata mu ɗauki wannan a matsayin wasa ba. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Kuma ƙaruwar waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaba yana da mahimmanci don ƙara yawan kwakwalwa. Yana da hannu a cikin plasticity na synaptic da sauransu. Don haka yana farawa da ƙidayar matakai, amma kowane ƙidayar matakai yana da mahimmanci ga ingantaccen amsawar kwakwalwa.

[00:17:50] Jackie De Burca: Abin mamaki ne. Abin mamaki ne idan ka yi tunani a kai. Ba zan sake tafiya a irin wannan hanyar ba.

[00:17:53] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Haka ne, hakan yayi kyau. Ta wata hanya daban.

[00:17:57] Jackie De Burca: Haka ne, kawai lokacin da ka shuka irin wannan nau'in abin da ke faruwa, ka sani, da gaske abin sha'awa ne. Za ka iya yi mana jagora kamar kowane ɗayan bincikenka daga zane ga abin da ka gano?

[00:18:08] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Ina aiki kan tsara wasu gwaje-gwaje, idan abin da kuke tambaya kenan. Kullum muna fuskantar iyakokin hanyoyin aiki a fannin gine-gine saboda har yanzu yana girma kuma yana girma. Yana da matukar wahala a sami amincewar ɗabi'a don ɗaukar samfuran jini daga mutane, misali, lokacin da kuke yin wannan muhimmin bincike. Yana da alaƙa da fannoni daban-daban, amma yana buƙatar manyan ƙungiyoyi da sauransu. Don haka muna da ƙira da yawa na gwaji da muke aiki a kai, amma duk da haka aiwatarwa yana ɗaukar lokaci saboda waɗannan ƙuntatawa.

[00:18:38] Jackie De Burca: Hmm, to, hakan abin fahimta ne ina tsammani. Wannan kuma tunani ne kawai yayin da muke hira. Yanayin da ya fi dacewa shine a sami wasu haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu ƙwararrun masu ginawa masu dorewa, misali.

[00:18:50] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah, exactly. And I think that in the industry as well, well start seeing the importance of this. I know that some are already having their own departments and they have a priority of how their own designed environments are impacting the brain. So yeah, it is growing and people are taking seriously in industries. I can see that the translatability of science into the industry as well happening very soon. Even if we have the current evidence, not just purely theoretical, but theoretically supported by evidence from other animal models and other synthesized human based evidence, not just from walking, but maybe gardening. Gardening is proven to increase that growth factor in the brain. So if we prove that walking at that intensity or using steer that way is sufficient, then it is to a great extent proven and it is translatable into the practice right away.

[00:19:48] Jackie De Burca: Tabbas. To, a ganinka, tare da binciken da ka yi, ta yaya irin waɗannan masu gine-gine da masu tsara tsare-tsare da masu haɓakawa za su iya fara amfani da ƙa'idodin dorewar jijiyoyi a yau?

[00:19:58] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Eh, akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za a iya yi. Ina ganin abu na farko kuma mafi muhimmanci shine a ƙara yawan tafiya da kuma damar yin motsa jiki kyauta. Wannan ta hanyar ƙarfafa sitiriyo, misali, domin. Domin na ga cewa an ajiye matakala kamar don yanayi na gaggawa kawai kuma ba zaɓi bane a tsallake matakala a hau lif. Wannan ya zama al'ada.

To, ina tsammanin masu gine-gine za su iya fara kallon tsarin ginin ta wata hanya daban domin amfani da tsarin da kansa yana shafar kwakwalwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ɗaya ta hanyar motsa jiki, wani kuma ta hanyar damar sauyi da yake bayarwa. Idan kana da hanya ɗaya kawai, hanya ɗaya ta fuskantar tsarin da ba shi da amfani kuma hakan ba ya taimakawa. Don haka wannan yana gefen tsarin gine-ginen. Amma kuma tsarin gine-gine yana da girma dabam-dabam kuma muna da shi na gani kuma yana cikin yanayin cikin gida da waje. Don haka shi ma yana da iyaka. Don haka eh, za mu iya kawo sarkakiyar sarari ga tattaunawar. Idan ana maganar ƙirar gine-gine, samun fuskokin gine-gine tare da babban sarkakiyar sarari, kun sani, yana samar da sarkakiyar sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya na birnin.

Don haka ina ganin ya kamata su fara mai da hankali kan tasirin gine-ginen domin gine-gine a ƙarshe ya zama mai zane da kwakwalwarmu don mayar da martani ga hakan. Don haka wannan ga masu zane-zane da masu tsara birane da masu zane-zane ne. Ina tsammanin ya kamata su fara tallata, kamar yadda muka faɗa, kamar masu zane-zane, tsare-tsaren da ba su da yawa, sun fi bambanta. Bincike ya nuna cewa sarkakiyar tsari a cikin muhallin birane yana haɓaka ƙaruwar hippocampus da rage yawan cututtukan Alzheimer da ƙarancin raunin fahimta. Kuma wasu muhimman batutuwa guda biyu sune gurɓataccen iska akan murfin bishiyoyi, yawan da, kun sani, suke hulɗa da juna. Amma samun muhalli wanda yake da ƙarancin gurɓatawa kuma mai wadataccen kore a lokaci guda yana da mahimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci ga neuroplasticity.

[00:22:07] Jackie De Burca: Ina nufin, duk abin yana da ban sha'awa. Kuma, kamar kai, wani wanda ya canza yanayi, zan iya gane hakan da sauri fiye da wasu mutane waɗanda suka daɗe suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi ɗaya.

Mohammed, akwai wasu misalai na gine-gine ko yankunan birane da suka riga suka nuna waɗannan ra'ayoyin, ko da kuwa ba da gangan ba ne?

[00:22:26] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Gaskiya ne, da gangan ban gina kimiyyata da ka'idarta akan takamaiman nazarin shari'o'i ba saboda ina so in fara wata hanyar sannan in ga ko gine-gine daban-daban ko muhallin birane sun cika abin da sarkakiyar sarari ta bayyana kanta ko kuma damar muhalli don motsa jiki, misali. Amma akwai wasu kwatancen tsakanin jihohi daban-daban, misali, a Amurka, cewa wasu tsarin grid na birane sun fi sauran iri ɗaya. Dangane da shaidar da muke da ita a yanzu game da sarkakiyar shimfidar wuri a cikin muhallin birane, ina ganin ya kamata ya canza hankali kaɗan kuma ya yi kira ga waɗannan birane da jihohi daban-daban da su sake duba yadda za su rama asarar sarkakiyar sarari a cikin tsarin su.

[00:23:11] Jackie De Burca: To, waɗanne canje-canje ne na manufofi ko jagororin tsare-tsare za ku so a yi amfani da su waɗanda za su taimaka wa muhallin da ke da kyau ga kwakwalwa?

[00:23:20] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Wannan abin sha'awa ne kwarai da gaske domin na san cewa manufofi da yawa sun riga sun haɗa da sassan lafiya da walwala, amma hakan ya dogara ne kawai akan shaidar da ta dogara ne akan sakamakon da aka bayar da rahoton kai da abubuwan da ba a auna su da gangan ba. Don haka ina ganin canza hakan kaɗan don fara bayyana abin da ake buƙata bisa ga kimiyya mai wahala shine ainihin abin da ake buƙata musamman a cikin aikin dorewa. Domin hakan na iya zama. Ina tsammanin an riga an saka shi cikin dorewa, amma ba a tsara shi da kyau ba.

Ina ganin sake duba kalmomin ana amfani da su ne don ƙara mai da hankali ga wasu batutuwa da sassan da za a iya yin watsi da su saboda ana ba da ƙarin kulawa ga dorewar tattalin arziki ko dorewar zamantakewa. Suna ba da fifiko sosai.

[00:24:09] Jackie De Burca: Sure. I mean, just throwing out a term that some people will be familiar with because we’re going to look at the built environment in more depth now that we’ve introduced the actual concept. Biophilic design is obviously something that is kind of linked to your research in its own way, even though it’s not. It’s a separate body, if you like.

[00:24:25] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Yeah, it’s not separate at all. And there is a piece I’m working on right now about biophilic design because it stands out a little bit as different, even different from green architecture. But biophilic architecture specifically is more inclusive and our brains are biophilic. So translating the current evidence we have about green environments is really important and vital so that we understand how biophilic architecture and biophilic interiors can in turn be promoters of newer sustainability. Because yeah, we are exposed to indoor environments more than outdoor environments. And this is an alert that we need to really pay attention to how we design indoor environments through the architecture and through the interior setting as well. So I see biophilia as trend, brain health and neurosustainability as well.

[00:25:18] Jackie De Burca: To, hakan ya yi daidai. Wannan ita ce amsar da ta dace da gaske domin za mu zurfafa bincike sosai a kashi na biyu na wannan ƙaramin shiri game da yanayin da aka gina, me ke damun sa, me za a iya yi da sauransu, da sauransu. Kun taɓa hakan da kyau. Idan masu sauraro, Mohammed, za su iya kawar da ra'ayi ɗaya daga wannan tattaunawar, me kuke fatan hakan zai kasance?

[00:25:35] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Wannan zai koma ga yanayi. Wannan ita ce hanyar da za a fi dorewa. Kuma muna yin hakan ta hanyar fassara yanayi zuwa ga muhallinmu da aka gina. Don haka wannan ga masu gine-gine da masu tsara birane da kuma kowa da kowa. Ina ba da shawarar tafiya, tafiya gwargwadon iyawarku. Canza tsarin rayuwarku. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna ƙarfafa dorewar rayuwarku.

[00:25:58] Jackie De Burca: Hakika suna nan. Kuma na tuna da wani zance daga wani baƙo kwanan nan kuma wani abu ne da ya yi daidai da, kun sani, abin da kuke yi wa yanayi, Yanayi, yanayi yana ninka shi ninki goma. Wani abu kamar haka.

[00:26:10] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Ah, hakan ya yi daidai da abin da muke magana a kai.

[00:26:14] Jackie De Burca: Ku saurara, abin farin ciki ne kwarai da gaske. Ina fatan tattaunawarmu ta gaba. Mohammed, wannan gabatarwa ce ta gaskiya kuma za mu zurfafa bincike sosai mu yi ƙoƙarin nemo mafita da abubuwan da za mu iya ɗauka ga mutanen da ke cikin muhallin da aka gina, waɗanda su ne manyan masu sauraronmu, har ma ga waɗanda ba su yi ba.

[00:26:27] Mohamed Hesham Khalil: Na gode Jackie.

[00:26:28] Jackie De Burca: Na gode sosai.

[00:26:29] Mark: Muna fatan kun ji daɗin sauraron wannan kamar yadda muka ji daɗin yin sa.

Idan kana da ayyuka ko bayanai da suka shafi wannan batu ko kuma fannin dorewa a cikin muhallin da aka gina gabaɗaya, za ka iya cancanta a nuna ka a cikin sabon Constructive Voices Global Directory.

Tabbatar da aika imel zuwa findonstructive-voices.com tare da wasu layukan da suka shafi kamfanin ku don ƙarin bayani game da wannan.

[00:26:54] Murya a sama: Wannan Muryoyi ne masu gina jiki.