Bulgaria Biodiversity: Mhuka uye Zvirimwa Zvisikwa uye Chii Chiri Kutyisidzirwa
Bulgaria inozivikanwa nekupfuma kwayo biodiversity, inosanganisira matatu bio-geographic matunhu: alpine, mahombekombe, uye kondinendi. Idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwemhuka nemiti howa, zvichiita kuti Bulgaria ive nzvimbo ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, izvi nhaka yechisikigo haina matambudziko. Iwo akasarudzika mhuka nenzvimbo dzekugara muBulgaria dzinotarisana nekutyisidzira kwakasiyana kunoda nekukurumidza kuedza kuchengetedza kuti vave nechokwadi chekupona kwavo.
- Zvipenyu zveBulgaria zvinotsigirwa nenzvimbo dzayo nhatu dzebio-geographic: alpine, mahombekombe, uye continental.
- Nyika ine marudzi 977 ekugara, uye makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu ari akasiyana neBulgaria.
- Iyo Natura 2000 network inovhara ingangoita 34% yenzvimbo yeBulgaria, ichidzivirira mapaki enyika, muzvarirwo mapaki, matura, nedzimwe nzvimbo.
- Bulgaria ine simba mutemo wezvakatipoteredza uye anotora chikamu muhurongwa hwemari yeEU yekusimudzira kwezvakatipoteredza nemaruwa.
- Nekudaro, zviitiko zvevanhu zvinotyisidzira zvakakura kune zvipenyu zveBulgaria, kusanganisira kutema matanda uye kuvaka mumapaki enyika.
Sezvo nyika yeBulgaria yakatarisana nematambudziko aya, zvakakosha kuisa pamberi kuchengetedza kuedza. Matanho akadai sekudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dzemurwizi nematoro uye kuchengetedzwa kwe zvipenyu zviri mungozi sema<em>sturgeon e<em>Danube anokosha pakuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu munyika. Zvakare, kudyidzana pakati pemasangano, vezvezvakatipoteredza, uye veruzhinji kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chemaitiro akakodzera kune nhaka yechisikigo yeBulgaria uye kuchengetedza zvinobudirira kusiyana kwayo.
Iwo matatu Bio-geographic Matunhu eBulgaria
Nzvimbo dzebio-geographic dzeBulgaria, kusanganisira alpine, mahombekombe, uye kondinendi, inobatsira kune dzakasiyana siyana dzenyika. Wildlife. Nekusiyana kwavo kwenzvimbo uye mamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo idzi dzinopa nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekugara dzinotsigira huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvirimwa nemhuka.
Munharaunda yeAlpine, iyo inopoteredza makomo eRila nePirin, vashanyi vanogona kuona kunaka kunokatyamadza kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzepamusoro, madziva akajeka, uye masango ekare. Nzvimbo iyi inogara mhando dzisingawanzo zvakadai seBalkan chamois uye chando chechando, zvisikwa zvinonyatsoenderana nemakomo akaoma mhepo mvura nenzvimbo.
Nharaunda yemahombekombe, inotambanudzira pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku, inopa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugara. Sandy beaches, lagoons, uye matope gadzira mamiriro akakodzera emhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri, kusanganisira iri mungozi yeDalmatian pelican uye hombe chena egret. Iyo zvakare inzvimbo yakakosha yekuberekesa yekamba dzegungwa, senge loggerhead uye girinhi kamba.
Pakupedzisira, nharaunda yekondinendi, iyo inofukidza mapani akakura uye mipata yenzizi yeBulgaria, inotsigira marudzi akasiyana-siyana. maruva nemhuka. Pano, unogona kuwana masango akasvibira, minda yekurima yakaorera, uye nzvimbo dzakanyorova dzinopa nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekugara kune zvipenyu zvakaita sebere rebrown, European wildcat, uye yegondo.
Aya matunhu e-bio-geographic haangoratidzi runako rwechisikigo rweBulgaria asiwo anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwenyika. Nekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasiyana-siyana, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekupona kwemarudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa nemhuka kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Yakasarudzika Habitat Mhando muBulgaria
Bulgaria ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwemarudzi ekugara, kusanganisira makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu ayo akasiyana nenyika uye anopa zvakakosha. ecosystems kumarudzi akasiyana ezvirimwa nemhuka. Idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasiyana dzinobatsira zvakanyanya kuhupfumi hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana enyika uye zvakakosha pakurarama kwemarudzi akawanda anogara aripo.
Imwe nzvimbo yakasarudzika yakadai iStrandzha Nature Park, iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBulgaria. Nemasango ayo ekare, nzizi dzakachena, uye nzvimbo dzemvura dzemahombekombe, paki iyi i biodiversity hotspot uye kumusha kune zvipenyu zvinoverengeka zvisingawanzoitiki uye zviri mungozi yokutsakatika, kusanganisira squirrel yeEuropean ground uye European tree frog.
Mukuwedzera, Rila National Park, iri nechepakati penyika, imwe nzvimbo inokosha yekugara. Imba yeRila Lakes, nhevedzano yemadziva echando, uye nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro muBalkan, Mount Musala. Mupaki iyi ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotsigira marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvinomera nemhuka, zvakadai seBalkan chamois neBalkan lynx. Iyo Rila National Park haingori nzvimbo ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana chete asiwo yakasarudzwa UNESCO Nzvimbo yeWorld Heritage.
Belasitsa Nature Park, iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweBulgaria, imwezve nzvimbo yakasarudzika. Pano, vashanyi vanogona kuongorora iyo yakasvibirira beech uye fir masango, pamwe chete neinoyevedza Belasitsa Mountain Range. Paki iyi inozivikanwa nekusiyana kwayo kwemaruva akasiyana-siyana, ine marudzi anopfuura 1,000 emiti, kusanganisira akati wandei asingawanzo orchid marudzi. Iri zvakare kumusha kune dzakasiyana siyana shiri, kusanganisira tyisidziro yepasi rose yegondo rine mavara madiki.
Bulgaria Nature Reserves uye Biodiversity Hotspots:
| Nature Reserve | nzvimbo | Notable Species |
|---|---|---|
| Pirin National Park | Southwestern Bulgaria | Edelweiss, Balkan chamois |
| Central Balkan National Park | Central uye kuchamhembe Bulgaria | Balkan lynx, brown bear |
| Dzhendema Nature Reserve | Makomo eEastern Rhodope | Orphean warbler, gondo rekuMabvazuva |
Aya marudzi akasiyana enzvimbo dzekugara uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvipenyu muBulgaria dzinoshanda sehupoteri hwakakosha hwezvipenyu zviri mungozi uye zvinobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwese kwezvakasiyana zvipenyu munyika. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwavo uye manejimendi akasimba kudzivirira zvimwe kurasikirwa kwekugara uye marudzi anoderera.
Iyo Natura 2000 Network muBulgaria
Netiweki yeNatura 2000 inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveBulgaria, pamwe nechikamu chinosvika makumi matatu nemana kubva muzana chenharaunda yenyika ichiwira pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwayo. Iyi network yakakura inosanganisira mapaki enyika, mapaki ezvisikwa, mareserve, uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara uye marudzi makuru kukosha yeBulgaria's natural heritage. Inoshanda sechiratidzo chekuzvipira kwenyika kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo.
Mukati meNatura 2000 network, Bulgaria inozvirumbidza nekusiyana kunoshamisa kwemaruva nemhuka. Nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzinopa utiziro hwezvipenyu zviri mungozi yokutsakatika, kubatanidza datya remumvura reBulgarian neBalkan chamois, kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanorarama pakati pezvinetso zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera zvemabasa evanhu. Matunhu aya anotsigirawo akasiyana uye asingawanzo kugarika marudzi, akadai semasango eStrandzha nemakomo eRhodope, ayo ari musha wemarudzi akawanda ezvipenyu zvisingawanikwe kumwe kwese pasirese.
Nhamburiko dzekuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zveBulgaria dzinopfuura miganhu yeNatura 2000 network. Nyika yaita hurongwa hwakazara hwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza, kumisa mirau yakasimba yekudzikamisa kukanganisa kwakashata kwebudiriro yevanhu pane zvakasikwa. Bulgaria iri kushandawo muhurongwa hwemari hweEU hwekusimudzira kwezvakatipoteredza uye kumaruwa, ichitsvaga kukwidziridza kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye zviwanikwa kuti zviwedzere kusimudzira. zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza.
Conservation Initiatives uye Kudyidzana
Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu zveBulgaria kunoda nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye kushanda pamwe pakati pemasangano, vanoongorora zvakatipoteredza, uye veruzhinji. Masangano akawanda, akadai seBulgarian Biodiversity Foundation neBulgarian Society for the Protection of Shirds, anoshanda nesimba kuzivisa vanhu, kuita tsvakiridzo, uye kuita zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza nyika munyika yose.
Mumwe muenzaniso wekubatana kuchengetedza muBulgaria ndiko kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dziri pedyo nerwizi nemanyoro. Nzvimbo idzi dzakakosha pakurarama kwemarudzi akawanda, dzichipa nzvimbo dzekuberekera, nzvimbo dzekudya, uye pekugara. Nekudzoreredza nekuchengetedza idzi nzvimbo dzekugara, zvirongwa zvinovavarira kugadzira hutano hwakanaka hwemagariro ecosystem uye kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwenguva refu biodiversity muBulgaria.
Imwe nhamburiko inocherekedzwa yekuchengetedza inotarisana nekudzivirira kweDanube sturgeon. Izvi zvisikwa zvikuru, zvinosanganisira zvisikwa zvakaita seBeluga sturgeon uye Sterlet, zvinotyisidzirwa nezviitiko zvakaita sekuredza hove uye kuparara kwenzvimbo. Mapurojekiti anodyidzana, anotsigirwa nevanobatikana vakasiyana, vanoyedza kuzivisa, kusimbisa zvirambidzo zvekuredza, uye kuita matanho ekudzoreredza dzinogara zvisikwa pamwe ne Danube River.
Kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveBulgaria ibasa rinoenderera uye rakaoma. Zvinoda kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa, kuchinjika manejimendi, uye mhinduro itsva dzekugadzirisa matambudziko anogara achibuda. Nekushanda pamwe chete, Bulgaria inogona kuve nechokwadi chemaitiro akakodzera kune ayo echisikigo nhaka uye yakachengeteka a remangwana rakasimba nokuda kwemhuka dzesango dzayo dzakasiyana uye nharaunda.
Mitemo Yezvakatipoteredza uye Kubatanidzwa kweEU
Bulgaria yakaita hurongwa hwakasimba hwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye inotora chikamu muhurongwa hwemari yeEU kutsigira mabasa ekuchengetedza uye. biodiversity research. Iyi hurongwa hwakazara hwemitemo nemirairo inochengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yenyika uye inosimudzira kubudirira kwakasimba.
Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwe European Union, Bulgaria yakagadzira network yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzinozivikanwa seNatura 2000 network. Inovhara ingangoita 34% yenzvimbo yenyika, network iyi inosanganisira mapaki emunyika, mapaki ezvisikwa, matura, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Idzi nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara dzakakosha.
Pamusoro pezvo, Bulgaria inoshingairira kutora chikamu muEU mari hurongwa hwekusimudzira kwezvakatipoteredza uye kumaruwa. Kubatanidzwa uku kunobvumira nyika kuwana zviwanikwa zvemari zvinotsigira zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchengetedza, kusanganisira mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa, kudzorerwa kwekugara, Uye kushanda of miitiro yakadzikama.
Nekubatanidza mutemo wayo wakasimba wezvakatipoteredza nerutsigiro rweEU, Bulgaria iri kushanda yakanangana nekuchengetedza uye kutonga kwakasimba kwezvipenyu zvayo. Kuedza kwekubatana uku kunovavarira kuve nechokwadi chekurarama kwenguva refu kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka nezvirimwa, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakakosha munyika yose.
Tafura: Mari yeEU yeBidiversity Research muBulgaria
| Gore | EU Mari (mumamiriyoni emaeuro) |
|---|---|
| 2016 | 10.5 |
| 2017 | 12.8 |
| 2018 | 11.2 |
| 2019 | 14.6 |
Tafura iri pamusoro apa inopa pfupiso yemari yeEU yakagoverwa tsvakurudzo yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana muBulgaria kubva 2016 kusvika 2019. Mari idzi dzinoratidza kukosha yakaiswa pasainzi kudzidza uye kuedza kwekuchengetedza kuti unzwisise zviri nani nekuchengetedza Bulgaria yakasarudzika ecosystem uye zvipenyu.
Kutyisidzira kuBulgaria's Biodiversity
Pasinei nehupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo yechisikigo yeBulgaria inotarisana nekutyisidzirwa kukuru kubva kumabasa evanhu, zvakadai sekutema matanda uye zvirongwa zvekuvaka inopinda munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Zviitiko izvi zvinokanganisa magariro ezvipenyu uye zvinoisa pangozi marudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa nemhuka anovimba nenzvimbo idzi kuti dzirarame.
Maererano nemushumo weBulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds, marudzi anopfuura 100 muBulgaria parizvino akarongwa seari mungozi. Pakati pazvo pane shiri inonzi Balkan lynx, gondo roumambo, uye tsindi yokuEurope. Kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzavo dzokugara; kusvibiswa, uye kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo kuri kusundira marudzi aya kumucheto wokutsakatika.
Uyezve, nokukurumidza kuguta uye kuwedzera kwekurima muBulgaria kuri kukonzera kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugara. Matope, masango, nemafuro ari kucherwa kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa uye kurima kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kusaenzana kwezvisikwa.
Pasina kuita chiito nekukasira, mhedzisiro yekutyisidzira uku haizochinjiki. Nhamburiko dzinofanira kuitwa kuti kusimbiswe mitemo uye zvirango zvezviitwa zvisiri pamutemo zvinokuvadza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveBulgaria. Matanho ekubatana pakati pemasangano ehurumende, masangano ekuchengetedza, uye nharaunda dzemunharaunda zvakakosha mukusimudzira ruzivo uye kuita zvinobudirira nzira dzekuchengetedza. Kupfuura chete kuita pamwe chete tinokwanisa here kuona kuchengetedzwa kweBulgaria yakasarudzika nhaka yezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
| Zvisikwa Zviri Mungozi muBulgaria | Zviito Zvekuchengetedza |
|---|---|
| Balkan Lynx | Kugadzwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa uye kutariswa kwakasimba kwemabasa ekuvhima. |
| Imperial Gondo | Kusimudzirwa kwezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza ivhu kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekugara uye kuwedzera unhu hwekugara. |
| European Ground squirrel | Kuitwa kwemapurojekiti ekudzoreredza pekugara uye mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa veruzhinji kukurudzira kushandiswa kwevhu zvine musoro. |
“Kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu muBulgaria haingori nyaya yekukosha kwezvakatipoteredza asiwo ibasa kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. Yasvika nguva yekuti munhu wese aungane pamwe chete totora matanho kuchengetedza nhaka yedu yakasarudzika. ” – Dr. Maria Ivanova, Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Shirds
Kudzoreredza Riparian uye Wetland Habitats
Matanho ekudzoreredza muBulgaria akanangana nekumutsiridza nzvimbo dzemurwizi uye manyoro, ecosystem akakosha anotsigira huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvirimwa nemhuka. Idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzakakoshera kuchengetedza zvipenyu, sezvavanogovera nzvimbo dzokuberekera, manyuko ezvokudya, uye pokugara nokuda kwavazhinji mhuka dziri mungozi muBulgaria.
Chimwe chirongwa chinocherechedzwa ndechekumutsiridza Rwizi rweKamchia, nzira huru yemvura inoyerera nemuMakomo eBalkan ichipinda muGungwa Dzvuku. Nekufamba kwemakore, nzvimbo dziri pedyo nerwizi nenematope dzakatambura nekusvibiswa uye kuparara kwenzvimbo. Kuti agadzirise izvi, masangano ezvemhoteredzo nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo vakaungana kuti vadzorere kuyerera kwechisikigo kworwizi, kubvisa mhuka dzinoparadza, uye kudyarazve zvinomera zveko.
“Chinangwa chedu ndechekugadzira hutano uye hunobudirira ecosystem zvinogona kutsigira maruva nemhuka zvakasiyana-siyana zveRwizi rweKamchia,” anodaro Dr. Elena Petrova, nyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu inotungamirira mabasa okudzorera. "Tiri kushanda kuti tivandudze kunaka kwemvura, kusimudzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, uye kugadzira ramangwana rakagadzikana renzvimbo iyi yakakosha."
Iyi nzira yekubatana yekudzoreredza nzvimbo yekugara inoonekwawo mukudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo dzakanyorova, dzakadai seSrebarna Nature Reserve. Iri pedyo neRwizi rweDanube, iyi UNESCO World Heritage Site musha kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana asingawanzowanikwi uye ari mungozi, kusanganisira iyo iri kutyisidzirwa pasi rose yeDalmatian pelican. Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa kudzorera kudzikama kwemvura mumatoro, kudzora mhuka dzinoparadza, uye kudzivirira nzvimbo dzokugara dzeshiri idzi dzinoyevedza.
| Kudzorera Matanho muBulgaria | Nongedzo Nzvimbo |
|---|---|
| Kamchia River | Riparian uye wetland habitat rumutsiridzo |
| Srebarna Nature Reserve | Kudzoreredzwa kwevhu nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zviri mungozi |
Dziviriro yeDanube Sturgeons
Danube sturgeons vari pakati pe mhuka dziri mungozi muBulgaria kuwana ngwariro chaiyo nokuda kwedziviriro, sezvo chiverengero chavagari vapasi chavo chiri tyisidziro kumhatsa yezvipenyu zvenyika. Idzi hove dzakanakisa, dzinozivikanwa nechimiro chadzo chekare uye yakakosha caviar, dziri kutarisana nematambudziko mazhinji munzvimbo yadzo yechisikigo.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakonzera kuderera kweDanube sturgeon, kusanganisira kuredza hove, kuparara kwenzvimbo, uye kuvakwa kwemadhamu pedyo nerwizi. Kurwisa kutyisidzira uku, kuedza kuchengetedza kwakaitwa kuchengetedza ramangwana ravo uye kuchengetedza hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana hweBulgaria.
Chimwe chirongwa chakadaro kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa nenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa hove dziri pedyo neRwizi rweDanube. Idzi nzvimbo dzakatarwa dzinopa nzvimbo yakachengeteka yemasturgeons kubereka uye kukura, kuve nechokwadi chekupona kwavo. Nekurambidza mabasa ekuredza munzvimbo idzi uye nekushandisa mitemo yakasimba, chinangwa ndechekubvumira huwandu hwemasturgeon kuti hudzoke uye hubudirire zvakare.
Kuchengetedzwa kweDanube sturgeon hakuna chete kwakakosha kuti ivo vararame asiwo kune yakazara. utano yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveBulgaria. Sezviratidzo zvakakosha zve ecosystem hutano, zvisikwa zvikuru izvi zvinoita basa rinokosha pakuchengetedza kudzikama kwemhoteredzo yemvura.
| Kutyisidzira kuDanube Sturgeons | Kuedza Kuchengetedza |
|---|---|
| Kunyanyisa kubata hove | Kuvambwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa hove |
| Habitat degradation | Mitemo yakasimba uye kuongorora mabasa ekuredza |
| Kuvakwa kwemadhamu | Kudyidzana nenharaunda dzenharaunda uye masangano ezvakatipoteredza |
Kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe pakati pemasangano ekuchengetedza, nharaunda dzenharaunda, uye masangano ehurumende, Bulgaria ine chinangwa chekuona kuti hupenyu hurefu hweDanube sturgeon. Nekuchengetedza zvipenyu izvi zvinoshamisa, hatisi kungochengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zveBulgaria asiwo kuchengetedza chikamu chakasiyana chenhaka yechisikigo kuitira kuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvifarire nekukoshesa.
Kushandira pamwe Kuchengetedza
Kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveBulgaria zvinoda nzira yekudyidzana pakati pemasangano, vanoongorora zvakatipoteredza, uye veruzhinji kuchengetedza nhaka yakasarudzika yenyika. Iine ingangoita 34% yenzvimbo yakafukidzwa neNatura 2000 network uye yakazara hurongwa hwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza, Bulgaria yakaita nhanho huru mukuedza kuchengetedza. Zvakadaro, matambudziko akatarisana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana anoda kushanda nesimba kubva kune vese vane chekuita navo.
Mumwe muenzaniso wekubatana kuchengetedza muBulgaria ndiko kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dziri pedyo nerwizi nemanyoro. Izvi zvipenyu zvakakoshera kuti zvipenyu zvakawanda zvirambe zviripo uye zvinoita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu. Kuburikidza nekudyidzana pakati pemasangano ehurumende, masangano asingabatsiri, uye nharaunda dzenzvimbo, zvirongwa zviri kuitwa zvekudzosera nzvimbo idzi dzekugara, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvirimwa nemhuka zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Kumwe kutariswa kwakakosha kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kweDanube sturgeon, mhuka iri mungozi yekutsakatika. Idzi hove huru dzinokosha kune ecological balance yenzira dzemvura dzeBulgaria uye inomiririra chikamu chakakosha chezvakasiyana-siyana zvemarudzi. Masangano akasiyana-siyana uye masangano ekutsvakurudza ari kushanda pamwe chete kuti aite matanho ekuchengetedza mhuka dzesturgeon nenzvimbo dzadzo, kusanganisira kutevedzwa kwemitemo yakasimba yekuredza uye kugadzira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa.
Nzira Dzakabatana dzeKuchengetedza
“Kuchengetedza harisi nhamburiko yoga. Zvinoda kuzvipira kwakabatana kuchengetedza nhaka yechisikigo yeBulgaria yezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Nekuunza pamwe chete nyanzvi, vagadziri vemitemo, uye nharaunda dzenharaunda, tinogona kuwana zvinobudirira uye zvakagadzikana maitiro ekuchengetedza. "
Nzira dzekushandira pamwe dzekuchengetedza dzinowedzera kupfuura mapurojekiti chaiwo uye zvirongwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa veruzhinji, zvirongwa zvedzidzo, uye kuedza kwekukurudzira kubatanidza nharaunda yakakura kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekusimudzira pfungwa yekutarisira uye kukoshesa nharaunda yakasikwa, kuedza kwekubatana uku kunovavarira kugadzira chigarire. kuchinja pamusoro penzvimbo yekuchengetedza yeBulgaria.
| Kushandira pamwe Kuchengetedza | Zvibereko Zvinokosha |
|---|---|
| Kudyidzana pakati pemasangano ehurumende, masangano asingabatsiri, uye nharaunda dzenharaunda | Kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo dzepariparian uye dzemanyoro |
| Kudyidzana pakati pemasangano akasiyana siyana uye masangano ekutsvagisa | Kudzivirirwa kweDanube sturgeon nenzvimbo dzavanogara |
| Mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa veruzhinji, zvirongwa zvedzidzo, uye kuedza kwekukurudzira | Kupinza nharaunda yakakura mukuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana |
Kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe kwekuedza kuchengetedza, Bulgaria iri kutora matanho akakosha kuchengetedza hupfumi hwayo hwakasiyana-siyana. Nekuona kukosha kwekuita pamwe chete uye kukurudzira kudyidzana, nyika inokwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kwemhuka dzayo dzakasiyana nemhando dzezvirimwa, kuchengetedza nhaka yayo yechisikigo kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveBulgaria, zvinosanganisira mhuka nezvirimwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, zviri kutyisidzirwa nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu, zvichiita kuti kuedza kuchengetedza kuve kwakakoshera kuti zvipenyu zviri mungozi zvirambe zviripo. hupenyu hwakanaka yemhuka dzesango dzenyika. Iine matunhu matatu e-bio-geographic - alpine, mahombekombe, uye kondinendi - Bulgaria inozvirumbidza yakasarudzika yenzvimbo inotsigira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu.
Nyika iyi ine marudzi 977 ekugara, ane makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu ari ega kuBulgaria, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekuchengetedza zvipenyu izvi zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Inenge 96% yenzvimbo yeBulgaria inofukidzwa neNatura 34 network, iyo inosanganisira mapaki enyika, mapaki echisikigo, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa, uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Kutaurwa kwakawanda uku kunoratidza kuzvipira kwenyika mukuchengetedza nhaka yayo yechisikigo.
Bulgaria ine hurongwa hwakazara hwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza iripo uye inoshingairira kutora chikamu muEU mari hurongwa hwekusimudzira kwezvakatipoteredza uye kumaruwa. Zvisinei, pasinei nekuedza uku, kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu munyika kunotarisana netyisidziro huru kubva mumabasa evanhu. Kutema matanda uye kuvaka kwakawanda mumapaki enyika kunopa chinetso chakati, kuchiisa mhuka dzakawanda nenzvimbo dzadzo mungozi.
Zvakadaro, Bulgaria iri kutora matanho ekudzivirira uye kudzoreredza nzvimbo dzayo dzekugara. Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa kudzorera nzvimbo dzekugara dziri pedyo nerwizi uye mumatope, ayo anoita basa rakakosha mukutsigira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu uye kushanda senzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugara kumarudzi akawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchengetedzwa kweDanube sturgeons, an mhuka dziri mungozi muBulgaria, chinhu chinokosha, sezvo kuchengetedzwa kwazvo kuchikosha pakuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
Kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zveBulgaria kunoda kubatana pakati pemasangano, vanoongorora zvakatipoteredza, uye veruzhinji. Nekushanda pamwe chete, vane chekuita navo vanogona kuona maonero akanaka kune nhaka yenyika uye kubatsira mukuedza kwekuchengetedza kwakanaka. Kuburikidza neizvi zviito zvakabatanidzwa, Bulgaria inogona kuchengetedza yakasarudzika zvipenyu kuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinakirwe nekukoshesa.
FAQ
Chii chinonzi biodiversity muBulgaria?
Bulgaria inozivikanwa nekupfuma kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana, kunosanganisira matatu bio-geographic matunhu: alpine, mahombekombe, uye kondinendi. Nyika ine marudzi 977 ekugara, ane makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu akasiyana kuBulgaria.
Chii chinonzi Natura 2000 network muBulgaria?
Iyo Natura 2000 network muBulgaria inobata ingangoita 34% yenzvimbo yenyika uye inosanganisira mapaki emunyika, mapaki echisikigo, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa, uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Hunoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
Ndeapi mamiriro azvino ezvisikwa zveBulgaria?
Mamiriro echisikigo eBulgaria ari kutyisidzirwa kubva kumabasa evanhu, kusanganisira kutema miti yakawanda uye kuvaka mumapaki enyika. Nhamburiko dziri kuitwa kugadzirisa kutyisidzira uku uye kuchengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
Inhamburiko dzipi dzokuchengetedza dziri kuitwa muBulgaria?
Bulgaria ine hurongwa hwakazara hwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye inobatikana muhurongwa hwemari yeEU yekusimudzira kwezvakatipoteredza uye kumaruwa. Kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara pedyo nerwizi uye manyoro uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zviri mungozi yokutsakatika seDanube sturgeon zviri pakati pekuedza kuchengetedza.
Nderipi basa rekubatana mukuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana muBulgaria?
Kudyidzana pakati pemasangano, vezvezvakatipoteredza, uye veruzhinji kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chemaitiro akakodzera kune nhaka yechisikigo yeBulgaria uye kuchengetedza zvinobudirira kusiyana kwayo.
