Maguta Akasimba: Maguta Anogona Sei Kugadzirisa Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze?

Globally we are seeing the catastrophic effects of climate change. With more frequent, more severe and previously unforeseen events, such as wildfires, hurricanes, flooding and drought, the need for resilient cities, and in particular infrastructure to be redesigned and/or rebuilt for climate resilience, could not be more apparent.

Chii chinonzi Resilient Guta?

Sekureva kweOECD, Resilient maguta maguta ane kugona kutora, kupora uye kugadzirira kuvhundutsa kweramangwana (hupfumi, zvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro & masangano). Maguta akasimba anosimudzira kubudirira kwakasimba, kugara zvakanaka uye kukura kunobatanidza.

Resilient Cities are often considered the next chapter in sustainability. With energy and water conservation, we need to be doing more to ensure our cities and structures can withstand a climate event.

Kugadzirira, Kugadzirisa, Kudzorera

Nei tichidzida?

Zvakafungidzirwa neUnited Nations kuti panosvika 2050, 70% yehuwandu hwepasi rose ichagara mumaguta. Ne 60% yenzvimbo dzekugara dzemumadhorobha dzichiri kuzovakwa, pane mukana wakakura wekuvaka maguta akatsiga.

Maererano ne Kurambidzwa Kwenyikak, $4.2 tiririyoni inogona kuchengetwa nekudyara muzvivakwa zvakatsiga. With Sangano reUnited Nations Human Settlement Programmee kufanotaura kuti panosvika 2030, pasina mari yakawanda yekuita kuti maguta awedzere kusimba, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinogona kuita maguta pasi rose $314 bhiriyoni pagore uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogona kusundidzira kusvika kune 77 miriyoni vagari vemumaguta kuhurombo. 

Aya manhamba anokatyamadza.

With the building industry responsible for 40% of global carbon emissions – we have an undeniable responsibility to reduce our impact on climate change and pursue sustainable and climate-resilient construction to create, build and shape our cities into resilient cities. 

Sangano reUnited Nations'2030 Agenda yeSustainable Development (SDGs) inodonongodza kudiwa kwemaguta akatsiga mune akati wandei ezvaanovavarira, zviri pachena uye zvisina kujeka:

• Pakazosvika 2030, "kuvaka kusimba kwevarombo nevaya vari munjodzi, uye kuderedza kuratidzwa kwavo uye kusagadzikana kune zviitiko zvakanyanya zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze uye kumwe kutyisa kwehupfumi, magariro uye kwezvakatipoteredza uye njodzi" (Target 1.5, United Nations 2030 SDG)

• "Kuita kuti maguta nekugara kwevanhu kusanganisire, kwakachengeteka, kusimba, uye kwakasimba" (Target 11, United Nations 2030 SDG)

• "Kusimbisa kusimba uye kugona kugadzirisa kune njodzi dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze uye njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga" (Target 13, United Nations SDG)

Kuvaka Kunogadzirisa Mamiriro ekunze

Kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze kunotora zviitiko zviviri zvakakomba (mafungu ekupisa, kunaya kwemvura, madutu, kana moto wesango) uye zviitiko zvisingaperi (kukwira kwegungwa, kushata kwemweya, uye huwandu hwevanhu. kutama). Kuvaka kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze kunosanganisira kugadzira, ouinjiniya and building infrastructre that can withstand these acute and chronic events. It could mean passive ventilation to prevent overheating, expanded water storage, off-grid back-up power or mitigation of flood risks to name just a few.

It is generally considered that very few cities are currently equipped to deal with more frequent extreme weather events. There are some cities that have taken proactive measures to adapt their cities to protect against the effects of the climate crisis.

Barcelona, Greater Manchester, Helsingborg and Milan were unveiled in November 2021 by the Kuita Kuti Maguta Arambe Akasimba 2030 chirongwa semaguta mana ekutanga eEurope anozivikanwa se "Resilience Hubs" nekuda kwemitemo yavo uye basa rekusimudzira mukugadzirisa kukura kwemamiriro ekunze nenjodzi.

Zvichida imwe yeakanyanya kukosha kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze uye yedhorobha inovakwa nharaunda is the urban heat island (UHI) effect which essentially amplifies global warming, with temperatures rising significantly in cities. UHI is caused by the high thermal capacity (heat absorption) of concrete, asphalt and other dark coloured materials in the built environment.

Some cities are designing infrastructure to specifically combat UHI: Copenhagen, Denmark (which has pledged to become the first city to go fully carbon neutral by 2025, despite a kuwedzera kwevanhu) is cooling the city with seawater from the harbour; Four cities in Poland are using rainwater to combat the UHI effect with Green Bus Stops; Urban green spaces and green roofs can be seen in a number of cities such as Fukuoka, Japan and Paris, France.

Around the world, we can see many examples of how resilence can be embeeded at the core of design and construction:

• Nyika yePhilippine yatora matenga akaita sedome kuti akwanise kumira nemhepo ine simba nemadutu. Mhepo ine simba inogonawo kurwisana nemateru ane matenga akawanda, mashafu epakati kuderedza simba remhepo uye kumanikidza padenga nekusveta mhepo kubva kunze, uye kushandisa frangible architecture kudzivirira kukanganisa kwemaitiro.

• In China, the Sponge Cities Project is piloting eco-engineering solutions to absorb and reuse rainwater in over 30 metropolises to reduce flooding risks.

• Miami is raising street levels and developing green infrastructure.

• Bangladesh ine chivakwa chine chinangwa chakasiyana-siyana chaizozorora pambiru dzine matangi anosimudzira anoisimudza panguva yemafashamo.

• Kuti uenderane nemamiriro ekunze anotonhora uye anodziya, madziro emvura anogona kushandiswa panzvimbo yekongiri. Madziro emvura ane madhiramu emvura ekuchengetera kupisa uye kupa huwandu hwekupisa uye nekukurumidza kupisa kupisa kupfuura kongiri kana masonry.

Tinogona kutarisa kune iyi mienzaniso, uye yakawanda moe, semienzaniso yekuti tingagone sei kugadzirisa nekusimbisa nzvimbo dzedu dzakavakwa, nekudzivirira nzvimbo dzemumaguta kubva kumhedzisiro yepasi rinodziya.