ziviso

Globally, sustainability is becoming a pressuring issue to countless organisations with consumers defiantly refusing to passively await action from companies but, conversely, impelling them to do their bit to assist the environment. In other words, a wider segment of corporates spanning an assortment of industries, are demonstrating a growing interest in kuvakwa kwakasimba nzira, nekuda kwete chete nekubuda kwemitemo yakasimba kubva kumasangano ehurumende asiwo kubva kunharaunda inowedzera kuziva zvakatipoteredza.

Faced with these challenges, construction companies must advocate their importance in climate change while they address government regulations and alleviate the burdens of limited resources and consumer demand.

But buried amid this is a fundamental question, what is considered sustainable? Research shows that a miscellany of definitions has been provided to encapsulate the breadth of sustainability. However, most people approve of the simplest and most comprehensive definition set by the 1987 U.N. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), commonly known as the Brundtland Report; here, sustainable development is defined as activities that:

"kusangana nezvido zvazvino pasina kukanganisa kugona kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera kuita zvavanoda."

UNESCO

Sustainability muIndasitiri Yekuvaka

Kuvaka kwakasimba, dzimwe nguva kunonzi kuvaka kwakasimba kana kuvakwa kwakasvibirira, kunosanganisira kushandisazve zvivakwa uye zvinhu kazhinji sezvinobvira, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadzokororwa, kuderedza tsvina inokonzerwa nesarudzo dzekugadzira uye panguva yekuvaka, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nemvura mumapurojekiti apera. uyewo panguva yekuvaka uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kubva mumabasa ekuvaka.

Sustainable construction is aimed to lessen the overall environmental impact of its operations; it should not end at the completion of the project. With this, the property should eventually have reduced environmental impact throughout the course of its life. This means that the design of the building should include components that have a long-term beneficial influence on the environmental impact.

Nyaya huru muchikamu chekuvaka ndeye zvinogona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza zvakanamirwa nezvinoitwa nemushandi, izvo zvinofanirwa kufungidzirwa zvakanyanya mukutanga kwechikamu chekugadzira sezvo nyaya yacho yakafaranuka uye yakakura.

Kukosha Kwekuvaka Kunoenderera

The kuvaka chikamu has a large effect on the environment in terms of energy consumption and emissions.

Kuvaka ndechimwe chezviitwa zvidiki zvisingaite zviri kuitika pari zvino paPasi. Iine simba guru pane zvakatipoteredza, kubva pakushandiswa kwesimba kusvika kune zvinobudiswa nemarara. Kazhinji, midziyo inotsamira pamafuta efossil, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvekugadzira uye zvekufambisa, kugadzira magasi egreenhouse.

Sezvakataurwa neUK Dhizaini Zvivakwa Wiki:

45% yehuwandu hweUK kabhoni emissions (27% kubva kuzvivakwa zvepamba uye 18% kubva kune zvisiri zvemumba) zvinobva mukuvakwa kwakavakwa.

72% yehutsi hwemumba hunobva mukudziya kwenzvimbo uye kupihwa kwemvura inopisa.

32% yemarara emarara anobva mukuvakwa nekuputswa kwezvivakwa.

13% yezvigadzirwa zvinounzwa kunzvimbo dzekuvaka zvinotumirwa zvakananga kumarara pasina kushandiswa.

Dhizaini Zvivako Wiki

Sarudzo yekuvaka chivakwa chitsva inoreva kuzvipira kusingadzoreki pakushandisa zviwanikwa. Kugara kuchishandiswa kwakaoma kudzikisira sezvo vagadziri uye makondirakiti havagone kuchinja kuzvipira.

Carbon Emissions

Pamusoro penjodzi yekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo yekugara panguva yekuvandudzwa, kushandiswa kwesimba kweindasitiri kwakakurawo. Kunyangwe midziyo inoshandiswa mukuvaka ichirema uye ichiwanzo shandisa mafuta ezvicherwa, kushandiswa kwemidziyo kusingashande, senge grid yemagetsi yechinyakare, kunoguma nekudyiwa zvisina basa pakupedzisira. Mushure mezvose, chikamu chekuvaka chinoshandisa 36% yesimba repasi uye 40% ye CO2 emissions, inotora chikamu chikuru chesimba uye CO2 kushandiswa kwepasi rose.

Kuburitswa kwekabhoni kunogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nekugadzirwa uye kutakurwa kwezvinhu, sezvo chiri chiitiko chinowanzoitika kuti mabasa emigodhi akanganisa zviwanikwa zvemvura zviri pedyo. Huwandu hwematani mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana masere eCO2.8 huri kuramba huchikwira, sezvo mamwe mabhiriyoni mana ematani ekongiri achigadzirwa gore rega rega.

Harmful waste produced during construction, as well as the inappropriate disposal of this debris, may lead to contamination, which is hazardous to both the environment and the health of the people who live in the region.

Energy Renewable

Zvakawanda zvakawanikwa kufambisira mberi kushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa panzvimbo dzekuvaka.

For example, although it is not mainstream yet, it is quite interesting to know of a popular battery system that includes modular designs that are locally deployable and rechargeable through solar panels. Batteries can power a lot of equipment, including security devices, as well as cars and machines powered by electricity. A single tonne of CO2 emission offset by a technology employed on a big chirongwa chekuvaka zvinoguma nekuita kwakakura.

Kuvaka nezvinhu zvinogara zviripo

Wood: Forests that are well-managed offer both a source of construction materials and a habitat for animals.

Sustainable Concrete: Kudzikisa kubuda kwekabhoni dhiabhorosi nehafu kunogoneka uchishandisa mapurasitiki uye zvinhu zvakadzokororwa. Kunyangwe izvi zvingangoshandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka, kwete zvimiro, simba rakawanda rinoiswa mukuita shanduko.

Zvimwe Zvidhinha Zvishandiso: Zvidhinha zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva kutsvina, makushe, kunyangwe matinji efodya, zvine simba rakafanana, pasina zvinobuda zvine njodzi zvinoburitswa nemoto wembambo.

Matambudziko Ekuvaka Kunoenderera

Makambani ekuvaka anofarira kuita a Sustainable strategy kutarisana nezvimwe zvinetso. Vazhinji vanonetsekana kuti hapana kudiwa kwakakwana mumusika, asi pamusoro pazvo, mari yekupinda mumusika inoonekwa seyakawandisa.

About 40% of UK businesses that responded to a study on sustainability said cost was their biggest issue in implementing sustainable practices. Furthermore, 34% of clients expressed a desire for sustainable construction methods, making it difficult for businesses to balance the line between their demand and their construction costs.

Kunyangwe ini ndiri mutsigiri wekuvaka kwakasimba, munhu anofanira kunzwisisa kuti iyo indasitiri yekuvaka yakakura uye yakaoma, uye mapurojekiti anoda vatambi vazhinji kuti vaite mabasa anodiwa.

Kufara kweindastiri kunounza dambudziko nekuti vanhu vazhinji vane mabasa mukugadzira chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Indasitiri inoumbwa nemafemu akapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, vagadziri uye vavaki vane zvibodzwa uye zvinangwa zvinogara zvichipokana, pamwe nevemari, vatengi, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana.

This disjointed nature of the industry creates an inertia that makes it very difficult for sustainable/green construction to become the norm in the absence of a concerted strategy.

Michael Azer, General Manager, Iyo kambani Solinq Holding Limited

Going green is not an instant process; you will have to work through many issues before you can reap the benefits. Concerns that sustainable construction techniques would cost an organisation more are widely shared within the construction industry.

Matambudziko kune adopting kuvaka kwakasimba kunogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvakakura: kugamuchirwa, ruzivo, nguva, uye nyaya dzemari.

Acceptance

Kubudirira kubudirira kuchengetedza, ganhuriro nemiuyo zvinofanira kugamuchirwa nemuridzi wechivako, vagadziri vezvivako nemapoka okuvaka. Kushaikwa kwekubvumirana pakati pemapato anobatanidzwa, zvichibva pakushaikwa kwekugashira muganhu wakasimba, imhinganidzo yekubudirira kwekuvaka kwakasimba.

ruzivo

Kubva pakuvapo kwedu mumusika, tinogona kuona zviri pachena kuti kushaikwa kweruzivo rwakafanana uye rwakavimbika nezvezvigadzirwa zvinogara zviripo uye zvigadziriso ndicho chipingamupinyi chikuru mukumbundira maitiro anogara aripo. Haisi ruzivo chete pacharwo, asiwo kusakwanisa kugovera ruzivo kuburikidza nemagwaro akajeka, kusanganisira tsanangudzo, mifananidzo, uye zvibvumirano, izvo zvinodzivisa.

Nguva

Chiitiko chedu muindastiri chinoratidza kuti kune fungidziro yakajairika yekuti kuvaka kwakasimba kunotora nguva yakareba kuti kuitwe. Kutenda uku kunogona kuve kwakarerekera kana kusaruramiswa, asi munhu haagone kuramba kuvepo kwayo. Zvichida izvi zvinowira shure kwekushaiwa ruzivo mumunda, uye nguva inodiwa yekutsvakurudza dzimwe nzira dzechinyakare nzira uye zvinhu.

Nyaya dzeMari

Mutengo unogona kuve chipingamupinyi chakananga nenzira yeinofungidzirwa yekuwedzera mutengo wepamberi kana zvisina kunanga nenzira yedhizaini yakaoma uye maitiro ekuvaka. Tsvakurudzo yakaitwa na Syphers, Baum, Bouton & Salles yakaratidza zvipingamupinyi zvishanu zvepamusoro pakudzora mutengo kuve:

Kushaikwa kwechinangwa chakajeka chekugadzira girini

Mid-stream kuedza kubatanidza girini

Decentralized management ye chivakwa chakasvibirira urongwa

Kushaya ruzivo / ruzivo ne chivakwa chakasvibirira; uye

Nguva isina kukwana / mari

Cal Recycle, Hurumende yeCanada

Zvinokurudzira Zvekuvaka Kunoenderera

Kubva pakuona pfuma, makambani anogara achida kuchinja kana zvinokurudzira zvichidzikamisa zvipingamupinyi.

Bumbiro reMagariro evanhu

Imwe nzira yekuzviona inyaya yebasa. Wese munhu ane basa rekuita kuti awane kusarerekera kwekabhoni panosvika gore ra2050. Faindi nekukuvadzwa kwemukurumbira zvingangozoiswa sezvo nzira dzekuwana kusarerekera kwekabhoni dzichikura zvakanyanya.

Takamboona muzvinobudisa nhau, nguva apo makambani ekuvaka aifanira kutarisana nokushoropodzwa kwevoruzhinji pamusoro pemibato inosvibisa kana kuti inokuvadza mhoteredzo. Kugamuchira kuvaka kwakasimba nzira dzinoratidza kuti unoziva nharaunda uye zvinoratidza kuti uri kambani ine mutoro.

Zvisinei neizvi, vane tarisiro vane tarisiro yekuti makambani ekuvaka angashandise maitiro akatsiga kusvika pakugona kwavo. MuUK nepasirese, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu uye kuwedzera kwekugara kwemaguta kwakabatsira kukurudzira kudiwa kwekuvaka.

Rumbidzo hadzina kumbobvira dzakwirira, sezvo vatengi vava kuziva uye kufarira corporate social responsibility (CSR), uye pfungwa yakawedzera yekuti makambani anofanirwa kubatsira masangano anobatsira. Zviripachena, mhedzisiro yeCSR inotungamira kune hukama huri nani neveruzhinji, asi inogona kukanganisa maitiro ekutenga. Zvinoenderana neongororo, kana zvigadzirwa zvakafanana zvine mitengo yakafanana, 91% yevatengi vanoda kuchinja makambani kana mhando yavo iine chekuita nechikonzero chakanaka.

Kana chivakwa chacho chakavakwa nekugadzikana mupfungwa, munhu wese anobatsirwa. Muridzi wechivako ari kubatsira zvakatipoteredza nekushandisa zviwanikwa zvinogona kudzokororwa. Vagari uye makambani echivako vanogona kutaura kuti vane zvishoma zvakatipoteredza.

Kambani yekuvaka inogona kudzidzira CSR nekushandisa nzira dzekuvaka dzakasimba, uye izvi zvinogona kutaurirwa mukati mekutengesa keteni. Semuenzaniso, iyi yakanaka PR yesangano rako, kana sangano rako richingobvumira vatengesi vakaronga zvirongwa zvekucheka kabhoni yavo.

Kuderedza Mitengo

Green zvivakwa vane mari yekushandisa yakaderera pane vamwe vavo. Pane data inoratidza kushandisa tekinoroji yekuvaka yakagadzikana inogona kuchengetedza mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mana emadhora pagore pamutengo wesimba repasi rose.

Pamusoro pezvo, unogona kubatsirwa nemari nekuderedza marara mukati mebhizinesi rako. Semuyenzaniso, kuderedza marara kunogona kubatsira mupi wako wekutakura marara kuderedza mitengo yaanochaja. Vashandisi vanogona kuchengetedza mari yepeturu nekusarudza mota dzisingadyi mafuta.

Kuvaka kunogara kune mutengo wakawedzera wekutanga, asi mabhenefiti enguva refu akakosha. Data inoratidza kuti kukosha kwezvinonzi "green" zvivakwa inokwira ne7% zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa zvimiro.

Kugadzirisa chero mari yekuwedzera inogona kumuka nekuda kwekuvaka kwakasimba, makambani ekuvaka anogona kusanganisira iyi data mumatenda. Vagadziri vanozonakidzwawo nekudzoka kwakawanda pakudyara kwavo, pamwe nemukurumbira unouya nekuve nechivakwa chegirinhi.

Mutengi, Mutengi uye Workforce Demand

Mukuwedzera, kudiwa kwevatengi kunofanirwawo kutariswa. Zvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha zvekugadzira girini ndezve zvinodiwa nemutengi nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Kunyangwe paine "zvine mwero" dhigirii rekuvaka girini muUK, kupinda muindasitiri kuri kuwedzera uye kuri kutarisirwa kuenderera mberi. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso chaiwo.

Masangano mazhinji ari kutanga kuonga mhedzisiro yenzvimbo dzebasa dzine hutano pakugara zvakanaka kwevashandi pamwe nekubudirira. Nekuti pane tarisiro yekuti kudzoka kuchaitwa, unonyengerwa kuisa mari yakawanda panguva ino. Chikumbiro chemutengi chemaitiro ekuvaka anoenderera chakaverengerwa sechokutanga chakanyanya kukosha chekushandisa maitiro aya, ayo akateverwa zvakanyanya nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Maitiro akagadzikana anotarisirwa kuve akadzorwa zvakanyanya mune ramangwana.

Mutsvakurudzo yakaitwa, zvakaratidzwa kuti mutengo ndicho chipingamupinyi chikuru pakutenga sarudzo dzakasimba. Vanenge makumi matanhatu nenhanhatu muzana vakaratidza kuti mutengo waive chimhinganidzo, asi makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana vaive vakagadzirira kubhadhara mari yekuwedzera kune eco-hushamwari zvinhu. Nzvimbo inotapira kune vanhu vari mukuvaka yaizoratidza kuti varipo chaizvo pavanofanirwa kunge vari. Kuti vakwanise kuchengetedza purofiti, vanhu vanotarisira kubhadhara zvakanyanya. Kuwana mwero wakafanira kwakakosha.

Kushaikwa kwevashandi vane ruzivo muindasitiri yekuvaka kwakawedzera mumakore mashoma apfuura, kusati kwaitika Ebola 2014. Kukwezva zvizvarwa zvitsva zvevashandi zvinogona kufambiswa nemabhizinesi ari kusvibira. Chinhu chakakosha apo vanotsvaga basa vari kuedza kusiyanisa maitiro avanoita munzanga uye nemagariro.

Kuedza Kwenyika Yose

France's Sustainability Mission

France iri pachinangwa chinotyisa chekusimudzira kukosha kwekusimudzira mukati menharaunda yebhizinesi mukuvaka; nhevedzano yemirau iri kuunzwa muMusika weKuvaka weFrance kuti "ukurumidze" "Environmental and Energy Transition", sezvakataurwa naGreenflex, piyona akakosha musangano iri.

Greenflex inopa nzira itsva kunharaunda yekuvaka mukutsvaga kwavo kubatsira mabhizinesi nekuvandudza kuisa kusimba mukuita; ivo "gadzira uye mhanyisa kuita" of the strategies that support companies in weaving environmental excellence into their aspirations. They propose initiatives such as energy diagnosis and audits within companies2, while also offering personalized guidance in achieving energy and environmental performance optimization as they encourage measures to enhance a company’s energy efficiency performance commitments.

Mukubatana pamwe nekuita kweFrance kusimbaradzwa kwesimba rakakosha uye mutemo wezvakatipoteredza uchagadzwa muna 2022, Greenflex ichabatsira makambani kuita ongororo yakajeka yezvigadzirwa zvavo iyo inotsanangura hutano hwavo uye nharaunda. Chigadzirwa chega chega chaizopihwa kuita kwakaderera zvachose, nekukasira, kukurudzira makambani kuti awedzere EPD yavo (Environmental product declaration).

Sechikamu chemutemo mutsva, cheki ichaitwa kana kambani yatanga kugamuchira mvumo yekuvaka yepurojekiti uyezve pakupera kweprojekiti. Mukuwedzera, Greenflex inovimbisa kuti "iyo yakaderera kabhoni kukanganisa ichaverengerwa mukati mehupenyu hwese kutenderera kwechivako”, ndiko kubva pakutanga kwekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu kuenda kubasa rekuvaka, zvino kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwechivako zvakare, pakupedzisira kuvakwa kwayo.

Chirongwa chitsva chehunyanzvi, chinonzi Energiesprong, chiri kuvandudzwa kuburikidza neicho mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa epamusoro-soro achaitwa zvine muripo nekushandiswa kwesimba-zero level. Kuedza kunokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemuno kwe Renewable energy uye dzimba kugadzira simba rakawanda sezvarinopedza.

Mamwe matanho achaburitswa nehurumende yeFrance, nekufamba kwenguva, kusanganisira kushandiswazve kwekuvaka nekugadzirisa zvinhu uye mutemo wemidziyo. Zvakare, mukati mekuedza kwavo kutonga marara, makambani ari kuunza zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvemusika anozofanira kupa mari uye nekushanda mukudzoreredza marara ekuvaka, mukuona kuti marara atevedzwa uye anorongwa nemazvo.

Kuedza Kwekare kweEgypt

Hassan Fathy (1900-1989), an Egyptian architect, was the first to adopt sustainable construction practices in his work in the Middle Eastern region. He built New Gourna village, New Baris village, houses for the Royal Society of Agriculture, a house for the Red Crescent, and others. His buildings depended mainly on mud-brick, also known as adobe bricks.

Iyo Mushrabiya zvakare imwe tsika yakagadzikana yakaunzwa naFathy. Iyi tsika inoitwa kubva kuMorocco kuenda kuPakistan, ichibvumira mhepo, mhepo, uye hunyoro kupinda mumivhuro. Kana Mushrabiya ichipisa zvakananga nechiedza chezuva, hunyoro uhu hunoburitswa kune chero mweya ungangove uchiyerera nepakati. “Architecture Yevarombo”, sokukarakadza kunoita zita rebhuku rokutanga raakanyora, vavariro yake yakanga iri yokuvaka dzimba dzisingadhuri, asi zvinhu nemitoo yaakashandisa zvakanga zvisingakoshesi zvakatipoteredza.

Mushure mezvo, akatarisisa tsvakiridzo yake pa kudzidza simba conservation mechanisms. He concluded his research by the fact that mud-covered dome-shaped roofs are the most energy-efficient since they act as natural ventilation systems. Kuongororwazve kwebasa raFathy kungave kwakakodzera panguva mumamiriro ekuwedzera kufarira mukuvaka kwakasimba nhasi.

Forest Town yeSingapore

Kuunzwa kwemaitiro ezvekuita kwezvakatipoteredza ekuvaka muSingapore kwaburitsa kusimuka kukuru mumabasa ekuvaka egirinhi. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti pakati penyanzvi dzekuvaka, kuganhurirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwaionekwa sechinhu chikuru chinokonzeresa girinhi sezvo zvaitarisirwa kuti zvirambidzo pazvakatipoteredza zvaizodiwa kuti pave nekambani yekuvaka yakasvibira yakabudirira.1 Panguva imwecheteyo, mari yekutanga ichiri kuonekwa sechipingamupinyi chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chekuvakwa kwegirinhi muUnited States.

Located in the Forest Town, Tengah will feature a 100-meter-wide “forest corridor” cutting through the heart of the town. A protected area linking a wildlife corridor with a water supply system as well as being a safe path for animals and a recreational spot for people will be established.

Chirongwa cheTengah chinofukidza mahekita mazana manomwe mudunhu reWestern yeSingapore chingasanganisira nharaunda shanu dzekugara. Chinangwa chematunhu mashanu aya, Bindu, Park, Brickland, Forest Hill, uye Plantation, kutsigira kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vachipa hupenyu hwakavandudzwa.

Mifananidzo yehupenyu hwemumaguta mune ramangwana inogona kuonekwa munharaunda yeSingapore umo mafekitari, zvitoro zvezvombo, uye zvidhinha zvaimbomira. Nharaunda itsva ichapa dzimba 42,000, iyo ichabvumira zvose zvakasikwa uye vanhu kugara murugare.

mhedziso

Kuvandudzwa kwekuvaka uye zvazvinokonzeresa, sekusiya nzvimbo yakachena yezvakatipoteredza, zvingangobatsira mukuvandudzika kwemagariro uye kunyika iri nani. Kuwanda kwevanhu kwakawedzera kudiwa kunobata nzvimbo yese yekuvaka uye, nekudaro, magadzirirwo atinoita nhanho dzedu dzinotevera achave nemhedzisiro yakakosha.

Nepo kudikanwa kwemitoo yokuvaka inopfuurira kuri pachena, mutengo wacho chipinganidzo chinocherekedza kuzvose zviri zviviri mabhizimisi navatengi; zviri pachena kumutengi kuti sarudzo dzinogara dziripo dzinodhura, zvisinei, pane mukana wekubvumirana mumusika sezvo vanhu vachiziva kuti sarudzo dzakasimba dzinoda imwe mari yekudyara.

Nekuvimba kwakanyanya, tinogona kutarisira kuti iyo pfungwa yekuenderera ichatumbuka mukukosha kwayo mukati memirau yekuvaka mune ramangwana. Mukugadzirisa zvatinotsvaga mukati mekuvaka, chivakwa chakasimba practices should not only reduce costs, pollution, and energy usage but also increase the comfort, health, and safety of the people who live and work in the finished product.

Saka urikusvibira sei?