ISakhiwo esiHlaza e-Afghanistan: Ikamva eliZinzileyo loLwakhiwo

Imisebenzi yokwakha eluhlaza ziya zisanda ukuthandwa kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye Afghanistani akukho nto. Ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo izenzo ziye zaba yimfuneko kwilizwe, apho izakhiwo sebenzisa isixa esibalulekileyo samandla kunye nemithombo. I ukwakhiwa ishishini lelinye lanegalelo elikhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube yimfuneko ukwamkela iindlela zokwakha ezilungele indalo.

Isakhiwo esiluhlaza izenzo azinciphisi kuphela ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo of iiprojekthi zokwakha, kodwa zikwavelisa izakhiwo ezisempilweni, ezitofotofo, neziyongayo iindleko. Iindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nenkcitho, ibenza isixhobo esibalulekileyo ekudaleni a ikamva elizinzileyo kwiAfghanistan Zakhiwo.

Imbali yemfazwe yase-Afghanistan yenze ibe ngummandla ontsonkothileyo xa kufikwa ekuqhubeleni phambili ngezi ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, kakhulu imo iyatshintsha, kukho amathuba avezwa ngulo mhlaba.

Ulwakhiwo oluluhlaza e-Afghanistan Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Luhlaza imisebenzi yokwakha ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ikamva elizinzileyo lolwakhiwo lwase-Afghanistan
• Imbali yemfazwe ibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo
• Iindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nenkcitho
• Izakhiwo eziluhlaza zisempilweni, zikhululekile, kwaye zonga iindleko

Izakhiwo eziSebenza ngoMandla e-Afghanistan: Inyathelo eliya kuZinzo

Uyilo lwezakhiwo eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan yenza imitsi ukuya nokuzinza, ngokugxila kwi izakhiwo ezonga umbane. Ngokwamkela uyilo oluzinzileyo izenzo, abakhi bezakhiwo kunye nabakhi banokudala izakhiwo ezonga amandla kunye nokusingqongileyo, zinciphisa Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza ikamva eliluhlaza le-Afghanistan.

Izakhiwo ezonga amandla ziyasetyenziswa uyilo imigaqo kunye nezicwangciso ezandisa ukusetyenziswa kokukhanya kwendalo kunye nomoya, ngelixa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana neglasi egqunyiweyo, iisistim ze-HVAC ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nezibane ezisebenza ngamandla.

Ngapha koko, uyilo oluluhlaza e-Afghanistan lusiya kuyilo oluzinzileyo olubandakanya izixhobo kunye neendlela ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Imigaqo yoyilo oluzinzileyo iqhinga uphahla oluhlaza, iindonga zokuhlala, kunye nezinto ezihlaziyiweyo, ezingakhuthazi nje ukuzinza kodwa zidala izakhiwo ezibukekayo nezisebenzayo.

Ngokutyala imali kwizakhiwo ezonga amandla, i-Afghanistan inokunciphisa i-carbon footprint kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Izakhiwo ezonga umbane nazo zikhokelela ekongiweni kweendleko, njengoko zifuna amandla amancinci kunye nezibonelelo zokusebenza kwixesha elide.

Iprojekthi yaseKabul Green Homes ithatha kumava kunye neendlela ezingcono ezifunyenwe ngexesha ukuqaliswa yeprojekthi ye-AFG-TAJ ephunyezwe e-Afghanistan naseTajikistan exhaswa ngemali yi-AFD. Isebenzisa izisombululo ze-solar passive kunye nezamandla kwizithili ze-15 zaseKabul isixeko apho indlu, ukufudumeza kunye ngco liseko iingxaki ziqatha kakhulu.

Uyilo lwezakhiwo eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan luvula indlela yoyilo oluzinzileyo olunokuthi lube nempembelelo enkulu kwi indawo. Ngokuphumeza izakhiwo ezisebenza ngamandla kunye nezinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, abakhi bezakhiwo kunye nabakhi banokudala izakhiwo ezisebenzayo, ezithandekayo, kunye nezizinzileyo, ezikhuthaza ikamva eliqaqambileyo le-Afghanistan.

Izinto eziVuselelwayo: Ukwakhela iKamva eliLihlaza e-Afghanistan

Njengoko umdla kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lukhula, ukusetyenziswa kwe izinto ezivuselelekayo isiya ithandwa kakhulu eAfghanistan. Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zizinto ezinokuzaliswa ngokwemvelo kwaye azipheli ngokusetyenziswa. Ziyeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwizinto ezingahlaziywayo, ezihlala ziyingozi kwimo engqongileyo.

Izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan zisebenzisa izinto ezivuselelekayo ezifana ne-bamboo, iinkuni ezibuyiselweyo kunye nemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo. I-bamboo, ingca ekhula ngokukhawuleza, yinto efanelekileyo yokwakha ezinzileyo ngenxa yezinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqina. Umthi obuyiselweyo, okhutshelwe kwizakhiwo ezidala, unokunikwa ubomi obutsha ngoyilo loyilo kunye nokubonelela ngobuhle obukhethekileyo kwisakhiwo. Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo, njenge iplastiki amaplanga, nawo anokunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo umthamo wenkunkuma oya kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.

Ukuphunyezwa ulwakhiwo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo izenzo zinokunciphisa ngakumbi ifuthe leeprojekthi zokwakha kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa ubuchule bokomba obunempembelelo ephantsi kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa indawo engqongileyo yeprojekthi. Ezi zenzo zikwadala imeko-bume esempilweni yangaphakathi kubahlali besakhiwo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa izinto ezivuselelekayo kunye nokubandakanya iindlela zokwakha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunokuba neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Izinto ezivuselelwayo zinokungabizi kakhulu kwaye zinokufikeleleka ngakumbi kuneendlela ezingahlaziyekiyo kwezinye iimeko. Ukusetyenziswa kwe izenzo ezizinzileyo inokudala amathuba emisebenzi kushishino lolwakhiwo oluluhlaza.

Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezivuselelekayo kunye neendlela zokwakha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, sinokunceda ukwakha ikamva eliluhlaza le-Afghanistan. Njenge ishishini lokwakha iyaqhubeka ukukhula kweli lizwe, kubalulekile ukuba sibeke phambili izisombululo ezizinzileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeeprojekthi zokwakha nokukhuthaza impilo, ikamva elicocekileyo.

Isiphumo semfazwe kwiinzame zokwakha eziluhlaza zase-Afghanistan zininzi

Ibe nefuthe kwimiba yokusingqongileyo neyentlalo-qoqosho kuphuhliso lwelizwe. Nazi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

Ukonakaliswa kweZibonelelo kunye nemingeni yoKwakha ngokutsha

1. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe Izibonelelo: Ungquzulwano olude lukhokelele ekonakaleni kweziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo, kuquka izakhiwo, iindlela, kunye neenkqubo zombane. Iinzame zokwakha ngokutsha zihlala zibeka phambili iimfuno ezisisiseko kunezenzo ezizinzileyo.
2. Ukwabiwa kwezixhobo: Imfazwe itshintshela imali kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kwiimfuno zangoku zoluntu kunye nokhuseleko, ishiya encinci kumanyathelo okwakha okuluhlaza.
3. Abasebenzi abanezakhono: Imfazwe ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubalulekileyo, kunye neengcali ezininzi ezinezakhono ezishiya ilizwe, ukunciphisa ubuchule obukhoyo obufunekayo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha eziluhlaza.

Ukonakaliswa kwendalo

1. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokuthotywa koMhlaba: Ungquzulwano ludla ngokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokungazinzanga kwe Uvimba wendalo, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kufumaneke amafutha, okonakalisa imekobume nokwenza ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lube lucelomngeni ngakumbi.
2. Ungcoliseko neNkunkuma: Imfazwe ivelisa izixa ezibalulekileyo zenkunkuma kunye nongcoliseko, kubandakanywa izinto eziyingozi ezidibanisa iinzame zokudala indawo ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo yokwakha.

Imiba yezentlalo noQoqosho

1. Ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho: Imfazwe ichaphazele kakhulu uqoqosho lwase-Afghanistan, ukunciphisa utyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kunye Uphuhliso oluphathekayo iiprojekthi.
2. Ubuhlwempu nentswela-ngqesho: Amanqanaba aphezulu entlupheko kunye nokungasebenzi kuthetha ukuba isakhiwo esiluhlaza sihlala sibonwa njengento yokunethezeka kunokuba iyimfuneko.
3. Ukungazinzi kukaRhulumente kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo: Ukutshintsha rhoqo kurhulumente kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo ngenxa yongquzulwano luthintela uphuhliso kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemimiselo enokukhuthaza iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza.

Iinzame zoNcedo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye noKwakha ngokutsha

1. Ukuxhomekeka kuNcedo: I-Afghanistan ixhomekeke kakhulu kuncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe, olunokuthi lube ngumngeni kunye nethuba lokwakha okuluhlaza. Nangona uncedo lunokuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi ezizinzileyo, zihlala ziza kunye neentambo eziqhotyoshelweyo kwaye zingenakubeka phambili ukwakhiwa kohlaza.
2. IiNkqubo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo: Eminye imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neeNGOs zisebenzela ukudibanisa imigaqo yokwakha eluhlaza nokwakhiwa iinzame, nangona ezi projekthi zihlala zilinganiselwe kububanzi kunye nesikali.

Imiqobo yeNkcubeko neMfundo

1. Ukunqongophala kolwazi: Kukho ukuqonda okulinganiselweyo kunye nokuqonda iingcamango zezakhiwo eziluhlaza phakathi kwabemi ngokubanzi kunye nabakhi bendawo.
2. IiNkqubo zeMfundo: Ungquzulwano luphazamisa iinkqubo zemfundo, lunciphisa amathuba okuba uqeqesho in iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza.

Okunokwenzeka kwiSakhiwo esiLuhlaza kwi-Post-Conflict Reconstruction

1. Ithuba loLwakhiwo ngokutsha oluZinzileyo: Ukwakhiwa kwakhona emva kongquzulwano kunika ithuba lokudibanisa iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza ukusuka phezulu, oko kunokubangela ukomelela ngakumbi kwaye uluntu oluzinzileyo.
2. Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe: Intsebenziswano nezizwe ngezizwe Iingcali kunye nemibutho inokuzisa ulwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kohlaza.

Imizekelo yeenzame zokwakha zase-Afghan Green

I-Afghanistan iye ngokuthe ngcembe ibandakanya iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza, nangona zihamba ngesantya esincinci xa kuthelekiswa nemimandla ephuhlisiwe ngenxa yemingeni eqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imizekelo ephawulekayo yeeprojekthi kunye namanyathelo ajoliswe ekukhuthazeni ukwakhiwa okuzinzileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo kweli lizwe. Nantsi eminye imizekelo ephambili:

1. Isityalo seSolar saseBamyan: Nangona kungekhona isakhiwo nge-se, i-Bamyan Solar Plant yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo eluhlaza e-Afghanistan. Iyabonelela umoya ovuselelekayo kwiphondo laseBamyan, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwiijenereyitha zedizili kunye negalelo kwindawo ecocekileyo.

2. IiProjekthi zoPhuhliso lweNethiwekhi ye-Aga Khan (AKDN).: I-AKDN iye yabandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha e-Afghanistan ezigxininisa ukuzinza. Oku kubandakanya ukubuyiselwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ngokwenkcubeko kusetyenziswa izinto zemveli kunye nobuchule obungamandla ombane kwaye bunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.

3. Inyathelo loQeqesho noPhuhliso lwaseJamani-Afghan (GATE).: Le projekthi igxile ekuqeqesheni i-Afghan njineli kunye nabayili bezakhiwo izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo. Eli nyathelo liye lakhokelela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezininzi eziluhlaza, ezibandakanya Uyilo oluwonga amandla kunye nezixhobo.

4. Green Village Kabul: Ekuqaleni indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo yemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, iGreen Village Kabul ibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha eziluhlaza, kubandakanya iiphaneli zesola, iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkunkuma, kunye ukurisayiklishwa kwamanzi iindlela.

5. IiProjekthi zeZiseko ze-USAID: I-Arhente yase-United States yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (USAID) ixhase ngemali iiprojekthi ezininzi zeziseko zophuhliso e-Afghanistan, ezinye zazo ezibandakanya izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo. Ezi projekthi zihlala zigxininisa ukusebenza kwamandla, imathiriyeli yendawo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokuzinzileyo.

6. LEED Certification Imizamo: Nangona kungabonakali ngokubanzi, kukho iinzame zokufezekisa i-LEED (Ubunkokeli kuMandla kunye Uyilo lwendalo) isiqinisekiso kwezinye izakhiwo eAfghanistan. Oku kuquka ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezonga amandla, izinto ezizinzileyo, kunye nezicwangciso zokunciphisa inkunkuma.

7. Amanyathelo e-NGO asekuhlaleni: IiNGO zasekuhlaleni ezahlukeneyo zenze iiprojekthi ezincinci zokwakha eziluhlaza, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ezi projekthi zihlala zisebenzisa izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nobuchule bokwakha bemveli obulungelelaniswe nemigangatho yangoku yokuzinza.

8. IiProjekthi zoKwakha iZikolo: Imibutho efana ne-UNICEF kunye nezinye ii-NGO zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwezikolo ezinemigaqo yokwakha eluhlaza. Ezi zikolo zihlala zine-insulation ephuculweyo, izibane zendalo, kunye ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula Iinkqubo.

Le mizekelo ibonisa ukukhula kokuqonda kunye nokuphunyezwa kweendlela zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan, nangona imeko yelizwe inzima. Ugxininiso bekusoloko kukudibanisa iindlela zemveli kunye nezenzo zozinzo zale mihla ukudala ubume bendalo kunye nezakhiwo ezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko.

Uguquko loLwakhiwo oluHlaza e-Afghanistan: Imingeni kunye namaThuba

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi zesakhiwo esiluhlaza, ukuphunyezwa kwayo e-Afghanistan kuye kwahlangatyezwa nemingeni emininzi. Okokuqala, iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza kunye nobuchwepheshe zintsha kwilizwe, kunye nabakhi abaninzi kunye ababhekisi abakazazi ezi zenzo. Oku kunqongophala kolwazi kunye nokuqonda kunokuthintela ukwamkelwa kweendlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo.

Omnye umceli mngeni obalulekileyo ziindleko zokuphumeza iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza. Abakhi abaninzi kunye nabaphuhlisi e-Afghanistan basenokungakwazi ukuhlawula utyalo-mali lokuqala olufunekayo kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iinzuzo zexesha elide lezakhiwo eziluhlaza, ezifana neendleko zokunciphisa amandla kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso lepropati, kunokunciphisa utyalo-mali lokuqala kwixesha elide.

Ukongeza, ukungabikho kwemithetho karhulumente kunye nenkuthazo yokwakha eluhlaza e-Afghanistan nako kunokuthintela ukwamkelwa kwayo. Ngaphandle kwemimiselo egunyazisiweyo izenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo okanye inkuthazo yokukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwabo, abakhi kunye nabaphuhlisi banokungasiboni isidingo sokutyala imali kwisakhiwo esiluhlaza.

Nangona le mingeni, kukho amathuba amaninzi okukhula kwesakhiwo esiluhlaza e-Afghanistan. Njengoko ilizwe liqhubeka nokuchacha kunye nokwakha ngokutsha, kukho imfuneko ebalulekileyo yezakhiwo ezitsha kunye neziseko ezingundoqo. Oku kunika ithuba lokubandakanya iindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo kwiiprojekthi ezintsha kwasekuqaleni.

Ngaphaya koko, iinzuzo zoqoqosho zokwamkelwa kweendlela zokwakha eziluhlaza azinakungahoywa. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifumaneka ekuhlaleni ezivuselelekayo kunokubonelela ngemisebenzi kunye nokuxhasa uqoqosho lwengingqi. Ukongeza, iindleko zamandla ezincitshisiweyo ezinxulumene nezakhiwo eziluhlaza zinokugcina imali kubo bobabini abanini bezakhiwo kunye nabaqeshi.

Ekugqibeleni, ngelixa kukho imingeni ekuphunyezweni kweendlela zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan, amathuba okwamkelwa kwawo abalulekile. Ngotyalo-mali kwiindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nezixhobo, i-Afghanistan inokudala ikamva eliluhlaza nelizinzileyo lolwakhiwo lwayo.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, ukwamkelwa kweendlela zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan kubalulekile kwikamva elizinzileyo lesizwe. Ngokuphumeza izakhiwo ezonga amandla, kusetyenziswa izinto ezivuselelekayo, kunye nokwamkela iindlela zokwakha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, i-Afghanistan inokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwaye ifake isandla kumhlaba ococekileyo, oluhlaza.

Nangona imingeni ehambelana nokwakhiwa okuzinzileyo, njengokungabikho kolwazi kunye nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, izibonelelo zezakhiwo eziluhlaza zingenakuphikiswa. Ukongeza ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhuthaza uxanduva lokusingqongileyo, iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza zinokudala amathuba emisebenzi kwaye zikhuthaze ukukhula koqoqosho.

Ukuya phambili

Njengoko i-Afghanistan iqhubeka nokwakha kwakhona kwaye iphuhlisa, kubalulekile ukuba iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza zibe yinto ephambili. Ngokubandakanya imigaqo yoyilo oluzinzileyo kwiiprojekthi ezintsha zokwakha kunye ukulungiswa kwakhona Izakhiwo ezikhoyo, i-Afghanistan inokuvula indlela yekamva elizinzileyo.

Sonke kufuneka sidlale indima ekukhuthazeni imisebenzi yokwakha eluhlaza kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo e-Afghanistan nangaphaya. Sikunye, singenza ikamva elingcono leplanethi yethu kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo.

FAQ

Umbuzo: Yintoni isakhiwo esiluhlaza?

A: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza yindlela yokwakha ezinzileyo egxile ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezakhiwo. Ibandakanya ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezonga amandla kunye nemigaqo yoyilo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma.

Umbuzo: Kutheni isakhiwo esiluhlaza sibalulekile e-Afghanistan?

A: Isakhiwo esiluhlaza sibalulekile e-Afghanistan kuba sikhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwaye lunceda ukunciphisa imingeni yokusingqongileyo ilizwe lijongene. Ingakhokelela ekunciphiseni iindleko zamandla, ziphuculwe umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimithombo yendalo.

Umbuzo: Ziziphi izakhiwo ezonga umbane?

A: Izakhiwo ezonga umbane ziyilelwe ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwandisa ukonga amandla. Basebenzisa i-insulation, iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezisebenzayo, kunye nemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukunciphisa umthamo wamandla afunekayo ekufudumezeni, ekupholiseni nasekukhanyiseni.

Umbuzo: Izinto ezivuselelekayo zinegalelo njani kwisakhiwo esiluhlaza?

A: Izinto ezivuselelekayo, ezifana ne-bamboo kunye neenkuni ezibuyiselweyo, ziindlela ezizinzileyo kunezemveli izinto zokwakha. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezivuselelekayo kunciphisa imfuno yemithombo enyulu kwaye kunceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo.

Umbuzo: Yeyiphi imingeni yokuphumeza iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan?

A: Eminye imingeni yokuphumeza iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza e-Afghanistan zibandakanya ukuqonda okuncinci kunye nokuqonda ukwakhiwa okuzinzileyo, ukungabikho kokufikelela izinto zokwakha ezilungele indalo, kunye nemfuneko yeengcali ezinezakhono eziqeqeshwe kwiindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza.

Ungonwabela – Iinkuthazo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezakhiwo eziluhlaza