Amathrendi Ezinto Zokwakha Ezisimeme eVancouver

Vancouver, a city at the forefront of environmental consciousness, is leading the charge in ukwakhiwa okusimeme practices. The local construction industry is undergoing a significant transformation, with a renewed focus on reducing environmental impact and creating healthier living spaces for residents¹. Key trends shaping the future of housing in Vancouver include the rise of net-zero energy homes, the increased use of eco-friendly and locally-sourced building materials, the integration of green roofs and living walls, and the implementation of advanced water conservation systems¹. Lezi zindlela ezintsha azihambisani nje kuphela nomgomo wedolobha wokuba eliluhlaza kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa futhi zibhekelela nesidingo esikhulayo sezindlu ezisimeme, ezonga ugesi, kanye nalezo ezikhathalela imvelo phakathi kwezakhamuzi zaseVancouver.

• I-Vancouver ihamba phambili ngezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme, eziqhutshwa ukuqaphela imvelo kanye nezinjongo eziluhlaza zedolobha.
• Net-zero energy homes, sustainable building materials, green roofs and living walls, and water conservation systems are transforming the local housing landscape.
• Eco-friendly futhi izinto ezitholakala endaweni, njengensimbi egaywe kabusha, i-bamboo flooring, kanye nezingilazi ezigaywe kabusha kanye nokhonkolo, ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ezintsha.
• Innovative technologies, like Passive House standards, smart home systems, and renewable energy integration, are being adopted to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability.
• Ukushintsha kwemboni yezokwakha kuya ekusimameni kusiza iVancouver ukufeza umbono wayo wokuba idolobha eliluhlaza kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Vancouver’s green building industry is thriving, with a focus on resource-efficient construction methods and operations. I-Green Architecture, Ukulungiswa Okuqhubekayo, Futhi Amakhaya Awonga Amandla have become the hallmarks of the city’s construction landscape, driven by ambitious environmental goals and a commitment to mitigate climate change.

Izakhiwo ziwumthombo wesibili ngobukhulu wokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa eMetro Vancouver, ekhipha amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezine ngonyaka, cishe u-25% wesamba semali ekhishwa minyaka yonke esifundeni.². Ezokwakha zingomunye wabaqashi abakhulu esifundeni ngomkhakha, futhi izakhiwo yilapho abantu bechitha cishe u-90% wesikhathi sabo.². Umkhuba wokwakha oluhlaza eVancouver ubandakanya izakhiwo ezingakhiphisi, ezifaka izinto eziphansi noma ezingenayo i-carbon, izingxenye eziyindilinga, futhi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.².

Idolobhakazi lihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya ezakhiweni, okuyimanje esibalelwa ku-25% wesamba esikhishwa minyaka yonke esifundeni.². Imigomo yokwakha imvelo ye-Vancouver ihlanganisa ukuzuza ukukhishwa kwe-zero, ukusebenzisa izinto eziphansi noma ezingenayo ikhabhoni, ukuklama ngezinto eziyindilinga nezinqubo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuqina lapho ubhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.². Lezi zinhloso zibe nomthelela omkhulu ezenzweni zokwakha zendawo, ukushayela ukuqanjwa kwezinto zokwakha, ukwakheka, kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Umkhuba wokwakha oluhlaza eVancouver ubangele izakhiwo ezonga amandla, ezinempilo, futhi ezingabizi ukusebenza.². Using low-embodied carbon or salvaged and reused materials in construction can reduce costs, carbon footprint, and enhance public perception². Imishini yokukhipha ikhabhoni ngobuchwepheshe obufana namaphampu okushisa nama-ventilators okubuyisa ukushisa kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi kusize ukuzuza izakhiwo zekhabhoni eziyiziro.². Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelekayo esizeni noma ekugcinweni kuthuthukisa ukuqina esizeni futhi kungagcina ukusebenza kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele.². Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwendawo, njengokwakhiwa kwe-modular, zingakhuphula isivinini sokwakha, ikhwalithi, nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu².

"Izinjongo zokwakha zemvelo zeVancouver zibandakanya ukuzuza ukukhishwa kwegesi engu-zero, kusetshenziswa izinto eziqukethe i-carbon-negative, ukuklama ngezinto eziyindilinga kanye nezinqubo, nokuqinisekisa ukuqina lapho ubhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu."

Isimo sezwe sokwakha esimeme saseVancouver siguqulwa ngokunyuka kwamakhaya angenawo amandla. Lezi zindlu zokuhlala ezintsha zenzelwe ukukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo amaningi njengoba zisebenzisa njalo ngonyaka, okuphawula ushintsho olukhulu olubhekiswe kugesi. I-Carbon-Neutral Construction futhi Amakhaya Awonga Amandla³.

Ezinhliziyweni zamakhaya amandla e-net-zero kukhona amasu okwakha athuthukile, izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo ahlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo. Ukuvalwa okunembayo, ukwahlukanisa okuphezulu, namafasitela neminyango akonga amandla kusebenza ngokuvumelana ukuze kuncishiswe izidingo zamandla³. Ubuchwepheshe obuvuselelekayo obufana namaphaneli elanga noma amasistimu we-geothermal bese bukhiqiza amandla adingekayo, kwakheka umjikelezo wamandla ozisekelayo.³.

The benefits of net-zero energy homes are substantial, including reduced utility costs, decreased reliance on fossil fuels, and increased property values due to rising demand for sustainable living³. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zikagesi eziguqukayo zaseBritish Columbia kanye nemithethonqubo yezemvelo zenza isimo sezimali sokwakhiwa kwe-net-zero siphoqelele nakakhulu.³.

Ukuzuza amandla eqiniso ayiziro, nokho, kudinga ukunakwa okungantengantengi emininingwaneni nokuzibophezela kumasu okwakha asebenza kahle kakhulu.³. Ubuciko budlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba izakhi ezifana nokuvala, ukufaka ugesi, nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo kunomthelela ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kwekhaya.³.

Ngokubona ukubaluleka kwale ndlela edidiyelwe, abakhi bendawo abafana ne-RDC Fine Homes benze ukwakhiwa kwamandla kagesi kube yinto ehamba phambili. Ukugxila kwabo ekwenziweni kobuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nenqubo yokuklama edidiyelwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izici zekhaya zisebenza ndawonye kusukela ekuqaleni, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuletha izixazululo ezisimeme ezihambisanayo zesimo sezulu esihlukahlukene sase-British Columbia.³.

Njengoba iVancouver iqhubeka nokuhola phambili I-Carbon-Neutral Construction futhi Amakhaya Awonga Amandla, amakhaya anamandla angenawo amandla alungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lokuphila okusimeme edolobheni⁴⁵.

Emzamweni weVancouver wekusasa eliluhlaza, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha ezisimeme kudlala indima ebalulekile. Kusukela kunsimbi egaywe kabusha nokhonkolo kuya ezintweni ezitholakala endaweni, idolobhakazi lihamba phambili ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha ukwakhiwa eco-friendly izixazululo⁶.

Izimpahla zokwakha ezigaywe kabusha, njengensimbi nokhonkolo, azuza amandla embonini yezokwakha yaseVancouver. Lezi zinto zinciphisa isidingo sezinsiza ezintsha ezingavuthiwe, zehlisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint yezakhiwo⁶. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi egaywe kabusha nokhonkolo akuzuzisi nje imvelo kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kwezakhiwo, kuzenze zihlomele kangcono ukumelana nemithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ukufaka izinto ezitholakala endaweni esinye isici esibalulekile sokwakha okusimeme eVancouver. Ngokusekela izimboni zesifunda, ezifana nomkhakha wezingodo ochumayo wase-British Columbia, lezi zinqubo zinomthelela emnothweni oyindilinga futhi zikhulise ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi endaweni.⁷. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuhamba okuhlobene izinto ezitholakala endaweni siphinde sithuthukise iziqinisekiso zemvelo zala maphrojekthi.

Ngaphandle kwezinto zokwakha zendabuko, indawo yokwakha eqhubekayo yaseVancouver ibona ukwanda kwezindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa imvelo. I-bamboo flooring, ngokwesibonelo, inikeza isixazululo esihlala isikhathi eside nesibukekayo esivuselelekayo nesibolayo⁶. Ezinye izinto ezintsha ezifana nengilazi egaywe kabusha kanye nokhonkolo onomthelela omncane nazo ziyaduma, zikhombisa ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ukuphusha imingcele ukuklama okusimeme.

These sustainable building materials not only benefit the environment but also contribute to the long-term durability and aesthetics of Vancouver’s structures. By prioritising recycled, locally-sourced, and innovative eco-friendly options, the city is leading the way in creating a more sustainable built environment⁷.

“Izinto zokwakha ezisimeme zibalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa eliluhlaza laseVancouver. Ngokwamukela izinketho ezigaywe kabusha, ezitholakala endaweni, nezintsha ezilungele imvelo, asehlisi nje kuphela umthelela wethu kwezemvelo kodwa futhi sakha izakhiwo ezakhelwe ukuhlala.”

– Jane Doe, Sustainable Building Consultant

Indawo yasemadolobheni yaseVancouver ibhekene nezinguquko eziluhlaza, nokuhlanganiswa kwezici zezakhiwo ezinobungani bemvelo kuya ngokuya kwanda. Uphahla oluluhlaza futhi izindonga eziphilayo yizixazululo ezimbili ezisimeme ezizuza ukuduma edolobheni, ezinikeza uhla lwezinzuzo zazo zombili izakhiwo nendawo ezungezile.⁸.

Lezi zakhi eziluhlaza azithuthuki nje kuphela izinto eziphilayo futhi anciphise ukugeleza kwamanzi eziphepho, kodwa aphinde abe negalelo ekwenzeni ngcono izinga lomoya ngokumunca ukungcola nokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo.⁸. Green roofs provide natural insulation, keeping buildings cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, thereby reducing energy consumption and costs⁸. Izindonga eziphilayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zengeza ukuthinta kobuhle bemvelo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, zihlanganise imvelo endaweni eyakhiwe futhi zithuthukise izinga lempilo yonke yabahlali.⁹.

Ehamba phambili kulokhu kuguquguquka kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza yi-Architek, inkampani ebihamba phambili ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kusukela ngo-2007.⁹. I-Architek inikeza ububanzi bobungcweti, okuhlanganisa ukuklama, ukubonisana, kanye nemfundo, ophahleni oluluhlaza, izindonga zokuhlala, ama-facade aluhlaza, nezixazululo zokulawulwa kwamanzi esayithi.⁹. Izinhlelo zenkampani zophahla eziluhlaza, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-ECO SEDUM TRAYS, zifaneleka kakhulu kubanikazi bezindlu abazenzela wena kanye namaphrojekthi amancane, ukubhekana nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo ezizinzile nezisebenziseka kalula.¹⁰.

Izingadi ezimile kanye nama-facade aluhlaza sekuye kwanda kakhulu e-Vancouver, njengoba kungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya futhi kudambise umsindo kodwa futhi zengeza ubuhle bemvelo kanye nesimilo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.⁹¹⁰. I-Architek igcizelela indlela edidiyelwe yokuphathwa kwamanzi esayithi, ukuhlanganisa idizayini, imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe, ukufakwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zokulawulwa kwephrojekthi ukudala izinhlelo eziphelele nezisebenzayo zokongiwa kwamanzi.¹⁰.

Ngokuhlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo uphahla oluluhlaza, izindonga zokuhlala, nezinye izici zezakhiwo ezisimeme, iVancouver ihola indlela ekudaleni izindawo ezihlala kahle, ezinobungani nemvelo, nezijabulisa ngobuhle.⁸⁹¹⁰.

"U-Architek waziwa njengomholi wezakhiwo zokuhlala eCanada, ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe bophahla oluluhlaza kanye newaranti egcwele ezinhlelweni zabo zophahla oluluhlaza."

Ukusimama kuyinto ehamba phambili embonini yezokwakha yaseVancouver, futhi ukongiwa kwamanzi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekufezeni izinhloso zedolobha zemvelo.¹¹. I-Architek Group of Companies, umholi ku ukwakhiwa eco-friendly, collaborates with Rope + Cable Canada to develop innovative water conservation solutions through their biophilic design architecture, emphasising stormwater management as a priority driven by Vancouver’s Rain City Water Strategy¹¹.

One such solution is the Eco Sedum Trays from Architek, developed in partnership with Ecovegetal. These advanced water retention systems feature honeycomb structures and built-in drainage, efficiently managing excess water for green roofs¹¹. Izindleko zophahla oluluhlaza zingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezinto eziguquguqukayo eziqondene nephrojekthi ezifana nobukhulu bophahla, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, izinto ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukufakwa kwezinto ezengeziwe njengamasistimu okunisela, nezimo zezulu zendawo.¹¹.

I-Architek iphinde igcizelele ukucatshangelwa kokulayisha kwesakhiwo kanye nokukhethwa kwezitshalo okusekelwe ezimweni zezulu, iqinisekisa impilo ende nokuzinza kwezingadi eziqondile noma izindonga zokuhlala kokubili kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezifundeni ezifana neVancouver.¹¹. Ama-facade aluhlaza ahlinzekwa i-Architek athuthukisa indawo eluhlaza ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, okunikela kukhwalithi yomoya engcono, ekwehlisweni komsindo, nobuhle obubonakalayo kuyilapho eyindlela engabizi ezindongeni eziluhlaza zendabuko.¹¹.

Imizamo eqhubekayo yokulawulwa kwamanzi ka-Architek igxile ekunciphiseni amanzi emvula kanye nezixazululo zokongiwa ngokubambisana nabalingani bonjiniyela bomphakathi, okusiza ukunciphisa izikhukhula kanye nobunzima ezindleleni zokudonsa amanzi zedolobha ngokugcinwa kwamanzi okulawulwayo kanye nokukhipha amanzi.¹¹. Uphahla oluluhlaza oluvela ku-Architek lunomthelela ekupholiseni izindawo zasemadolobheni ngokunciphisa umthelela wesiqhingi sokushisa, lunikeze umphumela wokupholisa osebenza kahle ngokuphindwe kabili ngokwesilinganiso, nokuhlanganisa ama-photovoltaics ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona ezingafika ku-33%¹¹.

Idolobha laseVancouver lihamba phambili ekwakhiweni okusimeme, okudinga ukuthi zonke izakhiwo zikamasipala ezintsha zakhiwe ngezinga le-LEED Gold, izinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke kunoma yimuphi umasipala eNyakatho Melika.¹². Amaphrojekthi amaningi ayisibonelo, afana neSunset Community Centre, Creekside Community Centre, kanye neVanDusen Botanical Garden Visitors Centre, akhombisa ukuzibophezela kwedolobha ekwakhiweni kwemvelo nokulondolozwa kwamanzi.¹².

Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni okonga amandla kuya ezinhlelweni zokuphatha amanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, imboni yezokwakha yaseVancouver ivula indlela yekusasa elisimeme, ibeka isibonelo emadolobheni emhlabeni jikelele.¹².

“Ukuphathwa kwamanzi ngendlela eqhubekayo kubalulekile ekusaseni ledolobha lethu. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokongiwa kwemvelo, asigcini nje ngokunciphisa umthelela wethu kwezemvelo kodwa futhi siqinisekisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwengqalasizinda yethu.”

– UJane Doe, uMphathi Wokusimama eDolobheni laseVancouver

Izinga le-Passive House lizuza amandla amakhulu e-Vancouver, linikeza ukugxila ekwakhiweni kwekhaya okonga amandla nokusimama.¹³. Lawa makhaya aklanyelwe ukusebenzisa amandla afika kwangu-90% angaphansi kokushisisa nokupholisa uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zokuhlala zendabuko¹³. Izici ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwePassive House zifaka i-superinsulation, izimvilophu zokwakha ezingenawo umoya, nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zokuvuselela ukushisa.

Ukwamukelwa kwe-Vancouver kwezindinganiso zePassive House kuhambisana eduze nezinhloso zokusimama zedolobha¹³. Umkhandlu ugunyaze imithethonqubo egunyaza ukuncishiswa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya, ukulahleka kokushisa okuphelele, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngokuphelele ezakhiweni ezintsha zemindeni eminingi nezohwebo.¹³. Lesi sakhiwo sokulawula, esiqaliswe ngo-2019, kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubekisele phambili ukwamukelwa kwemboni, njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi kube no-55% -70% wezimvume zokwakha ezintsha eBritish Columbia ezinamathela ku-BC Energy Step Code ekupheleni kuka-2019.¹³.

Ngo-Ephreli 2024, Amazinga Wokuphuma Kweziro wedolobha azoqala ukusebenza, adinga isitifiketi sePassive House Classic, Premium, noma Plus, kanye nezinga lePassive House EnerPHit lezakhiwo ezikhona.¹⁴. Onjiniyela abafuna ukuhluka kwezindawo bangafaka isicelo sokulingana namanye amasistimu wokulinganisa amukelwayo, kodwa kufanele baqinisekise ukufaneleka nezisebenzi zedolobha.¹⁴. Ukusekela lolu shintsho, idolobhakazi linikeza izikhuthazo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 zamaRandi ukuze kufakwe iphampu yokushisa, likhuthaze ukwamukelwa kokushisisa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo.¹³.

Ukusungulwa kweZero Emissions Building Exchange (ZEBx) ngo-2018 kukhombisa futhi ukuzibophezela kweVancouver ekwakheni amakhaya awonga ugesi futhi azinzile.¹³. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukukhulisa amandla ezimboni kanye nomdlandla wokwakha izakhiwo ezingakhiphi, ezihambisana noHlelo Lokwakha I-Zero Emissions yedolobha.

Esinye salezo zibonelo i-OneSEED Passive House design prototype, ehlanganisa izici ezifana nezindonga ezigqunywe kakhulu, uphahla, nephansi, amafasitela asebenza kahle kakhulu, izinto ezisebenza kahle nemishini eyonga amanzi, uhlelo lokugcina amanzi emvula, nezinto zokwakha ezisimeme.¹⁵. I-prototype yakhelwe kucatshangwa ngesitifiketi sePassive House, nakuba isitifiketi sokugcina singanikezwa kuphela lapho kuqedwa ukwakhiwa.¹⁵. Ukwengeza, umklamo we-OneSEED unikeza ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu njengokuphinda kusetshenziswe amanzi ampunga, ama-photovoltaics, i-geothermal, namanzi ashisayo elanga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusimama.¹⁵.

Ukwamukelwa kwezindinganiso zePassive House eVancouver kuwubufakazi bokuzibophezela kwedolobha ekwehliseni umthelela wemvelo wokuba ngabaninikhaya kanye nokuvula indlela yekusasa elisimeme kakhudlwana.¹³. Lezi zimiso zokuklama ezonga amandla kanye ne-eco-conscious azigcini nje ngokuba nomthelela emigomeni yesimo sezulu yedolobha kodwa futhi zinikeza ukonga amandla kwesikhathi eside kubanikazi bezindlu, okubenza babe inketho ekhangayo ngokuya ukulungiswa okusimeme kanye namaphrojekthi amasha wokwakha.

Ubuchwepheshe bekhaya elihlakaniphile buguqula isakhiwo esimeme eVancouver. Amasistimu okuqapha amandla avumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi balandelele futhi bandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sangempela¹⁶¹⁷. Izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo zokulawula isimo sezulu, njengama-smart thermostat, lungisa amazinga okushisa ngokusekelwe endaweni kanye nesikhathi sosuku, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla¹⁶. Amasistimu okukhanyisa ahlakaniphile acisha izibani uma engadingeki, onga ugesi futhi anweba ukuphila kwama-bulb¹⁶.

Lobu buchwepheshe kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi nomthelela endleleni yokuphila esimeme kakhulu ezindlini zesimanje zaseVancouver. Eqinisweni, izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile zinganciphisa kokubili izindleko zokusebenza nezamandla cishe ngama-25%.¹⁶. Ukwengeza, izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile ezifakwe i-AI, ML, nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.¹⁶.

Izinhlelo zokuqapha amandla zivumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi balandelele ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwamandla ngesikhathi sangempela, ezibanika amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokusebenzisa kwabo amandla. Njengoba u-71% wabanikazi bezindlu baseCanada abanentshisekelo yokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuqapha amandla ezindlini zabo¹⁷, lezi zinhlelo ziya ngokuya ziduma ezindlini ezizinzile zaseVancouver.

Ama-smart thermostat nezinye izixazululo zokulawula isimo sezulu ezizenzakalelayo zilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amazinga okushisa ngokusekelwe endaweni kanye nesikhathi sosuku, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla awamoshi ukushisisa noma ukupholisa amagumbi angenalutho. Njengoba u-76% wabanikazi bezindlu bevuma ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bekhaya elihlakaniphile buzokwenza kube lula ukuphatha ukusebenza kahle kwamandla¹⁷, lezi zixazululo ziwushintsho lwegeyimu amakhaya awonga ugesi.

Amasistimu okukhanyisa ahlakaniphile, acisha izibani uma engasetshenziswa, anganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukagesi futhi andise ukuphila kwamalambu okukhanya. Njengoba u-63% wabanikazi bezindlu abanentshisekelo yokuhlanganisa amaswishi ahlakaniphile ezindlini zabo¹⁷, ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile kuba isici esidumile ezindlini ezizinzile zaseVancouver.

Sekukonke, ubuchwepheshe basekhaya obuhlakaniphile buyingxenye ebalulekile amakhaya awonga ugesi futhi izakhiwo eziluhlaza eVancouver. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe, abanikazi bezindlu banganciphisa kakhulu umthelela wabo kwezemvelo futhi bajabulele izinzuzo zendlela yokuphila esimeme.

"Amabhilidi ahlakaniphile anganciphisa kokubili izindleko zokusebenza nezamandla cishe ngo-25%.¹⁶

Umkhakha wokwakha okusimeme waseVancouver ufakaza ukwanda kokwamukelwa kokwakhiwa kwezingodo eziningi. Le ndlela entsha isebenzisa imikhiqizo yokhuni ebunjiniyela njengezakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo, enikeza enye indlela evuselelekayo nenekhabhoni ephansi ezintweni zendabuko njengensimbi nokhonkolo.¹⁸. Isakhiwo esinezitezi eziyisishiyagalombili i-Carbon 12 ePortland, e-Oregon siyisakhiwo sezentengiselwano eside kunazo zonke e-United States esizokwakhiwa ngamapulangwe amaningi, kuyilapho kuvela izakhiwo ezintsha zamapulangwe eLondon, e-Atlanta, naseMinneapolis, kanye nesitezi esinezitezi ezingama-80. ukuphakama kuhlongozwa iChicago¹⁸. Ukwengeza, ezinye izakhiwo zamapulangwe ezingama-21 ezingaphezu kwamamitha angama-50 (164 amafidi) ubude zizoqedwa eYurophu ekupheleni konyaka.¹⁸.

The rise of mass timber construction aligns with Vancouver’s goals for sustainable urban development, supporting the local forestry industry while reducing the carbon footprint of buildings¹⁹. Ukhuni oluningi lunamandla okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi equkethwe ekwakhiweni ngo-25-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zikakhonkolo ezijwayelekile.¹⁹, kanye neDolobha laseVancouver lihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni equkethwe ezintweni zokwakha ngama-40% ngo-2030 kusukela kumazinga ka-2018.¹⁹. Ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu okuvumelana nemvelo, idolobhakazi lethule izikhuthazo zokuklama kabusha ezivumela izitezi ezengeziwe ezakhiweni zamapulangwe.¹⁹.

I-Vancouver ihamba phambili emzabalazweni wokwakha izingodo eziningi, yamukela izinto ezitholakala endaweni zokwenza izinto zokwakha ezisimeme.¹⁹. I-BC ingumholi womhlaba wonke ekukhiqizeni izingodo ngobuningi, okubonisa amandla esifunda kule nto yokwakha¹⁹. Izinzuzo zamapulangwe amaningi zidlulela ngalé kokusimama kwemvelo, njengoba ziphinde zibe nomthelela ezikhathini zokwakhiwa okusheshayo kanye nokusebenza okushisayo okuthuthukisiwe ezakhiweni.²⁰. Ukwakhiwa kwezingodo ezinkulu kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwegobolondo lebhilidi elingamamitha angu-120 x 60 elakhelwe kusengaphambili futhi lamiswa ngokugcwele endaweni phakathi nesonto, ijubane elisheshisa kakhulu ukulethwa kwephrojekthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo.²⁰. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukhuni olukhulu luvumela ukwakhiwa kwendaba eyodwa ngosuku, okubonisa isivinini esisheshisa izikhathi zephrojekthi.²⁰.

Nokho, ukwanda kokwakhiwa kwezingodo ngobuningi kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka okuthile¹⁸. Abamele amaqembu emvelo e-Oregon baphakamise ukungabaza ngamapulangwe amaningi njengesixazululo sesimo sezulu esiluhlaza futhi bangabaza ukusimama kwezinqubo zokugawulwa kwemithi ezihlobene nezingodo eziningi.¹⁸. I-Nature Conservancy, i-US Forest Service, amanyuvesi, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo manje sethula ukuhlaziya okusha kwemithi eminingi ukuze iqonde kangcono umthelela wayo wesimo sezulu.¹⁸.

Njengoba iVancouver iqhubeka nokuhola izinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme, ukuhlanganiswa kokwakhiwa kwezingodo eziningi kukulungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwedolobha okuhambisana nemvelo. Ngokusekelwa yizinqubomgomo zasekhaya, ukwamukelwa kwalolu hlelo olusha kulindeleke ukuthi kube neqhaza ezinhlosweni zedolobha zezemvelo kube kufukula umnotho wendawo ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi.¹⁹.

"Ukwanda kokwakhiwa kwamapulangwe kuhambisana nezinjongo zeVancouver zokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha okusimeme, ukusekela imboni yamahlathi yendawo ngenkathi kunciphisa i-carbon footprint yezakhiwo."

Njengoba iVancouver yamukela I-Carbon-Neutral Construction futhi Eco-Friendly Construction, idolobha lihamba phambili ekwamukeleni izindlela zokukhiqiza usimende oqaphela imvelo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo embonini yezokwakha. Izixazululo zikakhonkolo ezinekhabhoni ephansi, njengalezo ezisebenzisa izinto zikasimende ezingeziwe (ama-SCM) njenge-slag noma ingilazi echotshoziwe, ziya ngokuya zibanda.²¹. Lezi zindlela ezintsha azigcini nje ngokunciphisa ikhabhoni ehlanganisiwe yamaphrojekthi wokwakha kodwa futhi zigcina ubuqotho besakhiwo obudingekayo ezakhiweni zesimanje.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha anekhabhoni ephansi asuselwa kudoti njengezinye izindlela kumafutha ensalela phansi ekukhiqizeni usimende kuba negalelo ekuncishisweni kwesisi esikhipha intuthu ephumayo kanye nenani eliphansi lekhabhoni lezinto zokwakha.²¹. Ngokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ukuze ziwonge kakhudlwana ugesi, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokufinyeleleka kwezindlu emadolobheni andayo emadolobheni amakhulu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu.²¹. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kukakhonkolo okwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila esiwusizo sezakhiwo, kwehlise izindleko zamadola nezekhabhoni zokushintshwa noma ukulungisa kabusha.²¹.

Izixazululo zikakhonkolo ezinekhabhoni ephansi, njengalezo ezihlanganisa ama-SCM, ziyazuza embonini yezokwakha yaseVancouver. Izingxube ezithile zemikhiqizo usimende zinganciphisa i-CO2 ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ngo-20-25% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusebenza komkhiqizo.²¹. Osimende abaxubile bamanzi anamandla afinyelela ku-15% we-limestone ngobuningi bangakha i-CO10 engaphansi ngo-2%, behlise ikhabhoni ehlanganisiwe ngethani likasimende.²¹.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zikasimende zokwengeza (ama-SCM) ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo kuyisu elibalulekile lokunciphisa izinga lekhabhoni embonini yezokwakha. Ama-SCM afana ne-slag nengilazi echotshoziwe angangena esikhundleni sikasimende wendabuko, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwekhabhoni ehlanganisiwe.²¹. Ukudizayina izakhiwo nemiphakathi ukuthi imelane nezigameko zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengezikhukhula, imililo yequbula, iziphepho, noma amaza okushisa, kunikeza inzuzo eyengeziwe yokunciphisa ukungcola.²¹.

Njengoba iVancouver iqhubeka nokubeka phambili I-Carbon-Neutral Construction futhi Eco-Friendly Construction, ukwamukelwa kwalezi zindlela zokukhiqiza usimende eziqaphela imvelo kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni indawo eyakhiwe esimeme kakhudlwana yesikhathi esizayo.²¹²².

"Ukwenza kahle ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ukuze ziwonge ugesi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekufinyeleleni kwezindlu emadolobheni amakhulu namadolobhana."

Ekuphishekeleni izinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme, ukugxila kweVancouver ekuthuthukiseni Ikhwalithi Yemvelo Yangaphakathi (IEQ) sekuyingxenye ebalulekile ye I-Green Architecture futhi Amakhaya Awonga Amandla²³. Inqubomgomo yeDolobha Yengqalasizinda Esimeme Nezakhiwo ikubona ukubaluleka kwendlela esekelwe ekusebenzeni yokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwezakhiwo kanye nengqalasizinda, ngezinjongo Zokusebenza Ezimqoka eziyi-15 ezihlanganisa izindawo ezifana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, okokusebenza, kanye nezempilo yemvelo.²³.

Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezithuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga komoya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezine-VOC ephansi kusebenza ngokuhambisana ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lomoya ngaphakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezinobungani nemvelo.²³. Ukwengeza, amasu okukhanyisa emini namasu okunciphisa umsindo anomthelela enhlalakahleni yonke yabahlali ngokwandisa ukukhanya kwemvelo nokuqinisekisa ukunethezeka kwe-acoustic.²³.

Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izitifiketi ze-green-building, njenge-LEED, BREEAM, WELL, ne-Fitwel, zingaholela kumaphrimiyamu okuqasha afika ku-7% uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezingaqinisekisiwe.²⁴. Lokhu kugqamisa isidingo esikhulayo sezindawo zasendlini ezinempilo nezisimeme, ezingagcini nje ngokudala izindawo zokuhlala ezinempilo kodwa futhi ezikhulisa umkhiqizo futhi zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezakhiweni zonkana iVancouver.²³.

Izindawo ezidumile ezifana ne-The Music Center e-Los Angeles, ikomkhulu lebhizinisi le-Microsoft kanye ne-Corning, kanye ne-Vancouver International Airport zonke zibambe iqhaza ohlelweni lwe-UL Verified Healthy Building, okubonisa ukuzibophezela ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yemvelo yasendlini.²⁴. Ochwepheshe bezokwakha bayalwa ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nesikhunta, umswakama, ukungcola kwamanzi, kanye nezimo zasendlini zizonke ukuze bakhulise izinga lokukhiqiza nokunethezeka kubahlali.²⁴.

Ngokubeka phambili i-IEQ emisebenzini yabo yokwakha esimeme, iVancouver idala izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zokusebenza ezinempilo, ezikhiqizayo, neziwonga amandla ezihambisana nezinjongo ezibanzi zedolobha zezemvelo.²³.

Ukuzibophezela kweVancouver ekusimameni kubonakala ekudidiyeleni okukhulayo kwezixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo ekwakhiweni kwayo kwesakhiwo.²⁵. Njengoba idolobha lizama ukwehlisa ukuthembela kumafutha emvelo futhi lifinyelele imigomo yalo yokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa (GHG), amandla avuselelekayo asephenduke ingxenye ebalulekile yemizi eyonga ugesi futhi. ukwakhiwa kwe-carbon-neutral.

Amandla elanga ahamba phambili ekuhlanganisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo eVancouver. Amaphaneli elanga abekwe ophahleni kanye namathayili afulelwe yilanga aya ngokuya avama ekwakhiweni okusha nasekulungisweni kabusha, okuvumela izakhiwo ukuthi zizenzele owazo ugesi ohlanzekile.²⁵. Lokhu kukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo esizeni akunciphisi nje kuphela isidingo sikagesi ohlinzekwa ngegridi kodwa futhi kunomthelela emgomweni wedolobha wokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni ngama-33% ezakhiweni ngo-2020.

Ukugcwalisa izixazululo zamandla elanga, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla nazo ziyahlanganiswa ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esimeme. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza amabhilidi ukuthi agcine amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa emini ukuze asetshenziswe ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu noma ukucisha kukagesi, okuthuthukisa ukuqina nokuzimela kwendawo.²⁶. Ngenhloso ye-Vancouver yokuthi zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zifinyelele ekukhiqizweni okungenayo i-carbon dioxide ngo-2030, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo nezisombululo zesitoreji kubalulekile ukuze kufezeke lokhu okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe.

Ukufakwa okungenazihibe kwalobu buchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo kuwubufakazi bokuzibophezela kweVancouver ekudaleni ikusasa elizinzile neliwonga amandla.²⁵²⁶. Njengoba idolobha liqhubeka nokuhola ekwakhiweni okusimeme, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngokungangabazeki kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni indawo yamandla emvelo eyakhiwe yaseVancouver.

“Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo ekwakhiweni kwebhilidi kuwubufakazi bokuzibophezela kweVancouver ekudaleni ikusasa elizinzile neliwonga ugesi.”

I-Vancouver ihamba phambili ekwamukeleni itiyela esimeme kanye nezixazululo zokugandaya ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo wengqalasizinda yasemadolobheni. I-Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) izuza amandla, nezinkampani ezinjengeLakeside Industries ezisebenzisa kabusha itiyela elidala futhi zinciphisa imfucuza.²⁷. I-Lakeside Industries, inkampani yesizukulwane sesithathu, ephethwe umndeni, iye yaqashelwa njengomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu endaweni futhi isebenzisa izindawo zokukhiqiza itiyela ezigaya kabusha izinto zomgwaqo ezindala zibe izingxube ezintsha zetiyela.²⁷.

Ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha, idolobha liphinde lihlole izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-asphalt obuxube ngokufudumele. Le ndlela emisha inciphisa izidingo zamandla okukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt nokusetshenziswa, okunomthelela Eco-Friendly Construction imizamo²⁸. Ukuqina okukhethekile kwe-Blacktop paving kanye nekhono lokumelana nezinto zemvelo njengemvula enamandla, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, nokuchayeka kwe-UV kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okufanele esimweni sezulu saseVancouver.²⁸.

Lezi zindlela ezisimeme zokugandaywa kwezinyawo zibalulekile ezinhlosweni zokusimama ze-Vancouver zizonke, ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yokwakhiwa nokugcinwa komgwaqo ngenkathi kukhuthazwa ukusetshenziswa komgwaqo. Izimpahla Zokwakha Ezigaywe Kabusha²⁹. I-LafargeHolcim, inkampani ehamba phambili yezinto zokwakha, iklonyeliswe ngephrojekthi enkulu yokuthuthukisa umgwaqo omkhulu eVancouver, ethathwa njengenye yemiklamo esimeme kakhulu yemigwaqo eCanada, isebenzisa izilinganiso ezigaywe kabusha ukuze kuvinjelwe amathani angaphezu kuka-200,000 emfucumfucu ukuthi agcine egcwele izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu.²⁹.

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14. Umbiko: Izakhiwo Ezinkulu Zero Emission - https://guidelines.vancouver.ca/bulletins/bulletin-sustainability-zero-emissions-larger-buildings.pdf
15. I-Passive House - I-ONE SEED Architecture + Interiors - https://oneseed.ca/passive-house/
16. Izakhiwo Ezihlakaniphile: Ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kokusimama ekwakhiweni kwaseCanada - The Environment Journal - https://environmentjournal.ca/smart-buildings-the-smart-choice-for-sustainability-in-canadian-construction/
17. Abanikazi bezindlu bamukela ubuchwepheshe basekhaya obuhlakaniphile ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu - I-Homebuilders Association Vancouver - https://havan.ca/canadian-homeowners-eager-to-embrace-smart-home-technology-in-fight-against-climate-change/
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19. I-Vancouver ithuthukisa izindlela zokwakha ezisimeme ngezikhuthazi ezintsha zamapulangwe - https://vancouver.ca/news-calendar/mass-timber-incentives-feb-2024.aspx
20. Ukunyuka Kokwakhiwa Kwezingodo Eziningi: Indlela Izinkuni Ezinjiniyela Ezichaza Kabusha Isakhiwo Sesimanje | I-Procore - https://www.procore.com/library/mass-timber-construction
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