UYilo lweyantlukwano: Indlela eBandakanya ngayo iNdawo zaseDolophini eziMila ngayo imibutho

Cities ziya ziqondwa ngokwandayo njengendawo engundoqo yokubandakanya kunye nozinzo ukukhula kwedolophu, nenkcubeko, ubugcisa, kunye uyilo ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-Ajenda yeDolophu eNtsha igxininisa imfuno yeendawo zasezidolophini ukukhuthaza ukubambisana koluntu, ukomelela, kunye nokuphila ngokubethelela ezi zinto kwiinkqubo zocwangciso kunye nolawulo.¹. Ukwahluka kwenkcubeko kunegalelo kwi amandla ezoqoqosho kunye nokutyeba kwezentlalo kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ngelixa iindawo zoluntu ezilungiselelwe ukubonisa kunye nokubhiyozela izazisi ezahlukeneyo zinceda ukuhlanganisa abantu kunye nokomeleza ilaphu lentlalontle.

• Iyabandakanywa iindawo zasedolophini zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubambiswano loluntu kunye ukuzibandakanya kwabahlali.
• Ukuyila iiyantlukwano kufuna indlela eqwalasela isini ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokulinganayo kunye nokumelwa¹.
• Abantu abakhubazekileyo kufuneka baqwalaselwe kucwangciso nakuyilo lweendawo zoluntu².
• Uyilo olubandakanyayo lunokukhokelela kwizisombululo ezitsha eziluncedo kubo bonke abasebenzisi, hayi nje amaqela angakhathalelwanga.
• Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabacwangcisi basezidolophini, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kunye neengcali zoyilo zibalulekile ekudaleni iindawo eziyimpumelelo ezibandakanyayo.

Iindawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo ziyilelwe ukuba zifikeleleke kwaye ziphendule kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabo bonke abahlali, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, isini, ukukhubazeka, imeko yentlalo-ntle, okanye imvelaphi yenkcubeko.³. Ezi ndawo ziyaqonda ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onamava emzini ngendlela efanayo nokuzama ukulungisa imiqobo ethintela amaqela athile ukuba athathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kubomi basezidolophini³. Ubandakanyo kuyilo lubalulekile ekudaleni izixeko ezamkelwa ngumntu wonke, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yoluntu, kunye nokuqinisa ukhuseleko.³.

Iindawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo ziindawo zikawonke-wonke ezibonelela ngezidingo zoluntu olwahlukeneyo, ezikhuthazayo Ukwenziwa kwendawo ngokulinganayo kwaye I-Urbanism equkayo³. Ezi ndawo zijolise ekwamkeleni kwaye zifikeleleke, zivumela abantu bazo zonke imvelaphi ukuba basebenzise ngokukhululekileyo kwaye banandiphe izinto abazinikezelayo.³. Iindawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyiweyo zithathela ingqalelo ukubaluleka of Ukubandakanya uluntu, ebandakanya abahlali kwinkqubo yoyilo kunye nolawulo lokuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zabo ziyafezekiswa.

Uyilo olubandakanyayo lubalulekile ekudaleni iindawo zasezidolophini ezifikelelekayo ngokwenene neziluncedo kuwo onke amalungu oluntu³. Ngokuqwalasela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabahlali, abaqulunqi banokudala iindawo ezikhuthaza ubumbano lwentlalo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuziva ungowabanye.³. Ibandakanyiwe uyilo lweedolophini inokuba neempembelelo ezintle kuqoqosho lwengingqi, impilo yoluntu, yaye ukugcinwa kwendalo⁴.

"Iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zasezidolophini azikho malunga nokufikeleleka, kodwa zimalunga nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yokwenyani kunye nemvakalelo yokuba ngowawo onke amalungu oluntu."

Uyilo olubandakanyayo yindlela epheleleyo ejolise ekususeni imiqobo kunye nokudala iindawo ezakhiweyo ezamkelekileyo kumntu wonke.⁵. Ibonakalisa iyantlukwano yabantu abayisebenzisayo, inika ukhetho kunye nokuguquguquka ukulungiselela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo.⁵. Ukuyila uqukaniso luqwalasela imingeni efunyanwa ngabantu abakhubazekileyo, njengobunzima bokufunda, impilo Yengqondo iingxaki, ukungaboni kakuhle nokungeva kakuhle⁵.

Imigaqo yoyilo ebandakanyayo ibeka abantu kumbindi wenkqubo, iqinisekisa indawo elungeleyo neyonwabisayo kubo bonke abasebenzisi⁵. Oku kubangela ukuba uphuhliso lusetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo, ngesidima, intuthuzelo kunye nokuzithemba, okwenza kube lula ukufikelela⁵. Ngenxa yokuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabemi behlabathi bahlala ezidolophini⁶, iindawo zoluntu ezibandakanyayo zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubambiswano loluntu, ekwandiseni uluntu impilo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwedolophu⁶.

Ucwangciso lokuthatha inxaxheba ibalulekile ekudaleni iindawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo. Uphando lomsebenzisi kunye nengxelo evela kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kubandakanywa abameli bokukhubazeka, ukunceda abayili baqonde imingeni ethile ejongene namaqela abasebenzisi abohlukeneyo.⁶. Ukwenziwa ngokutsha kweNdlela yaseLondon iThames, umzekelo, ibandakanye igalelo kumalungu oluntu, ekhokelela kwiindlela ezibanzi, ezigudileyo kunye nemiqondiso efikelelekayo.⁶. Uphuculo oluqhubekayo ngovavanyo lwabasebenzisi kunye nengxelo ibalulekile ekusulungekiseni iindawo zoluntu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo bonke abahlali besixeko.⁶.

Uyilo olubandakanyayo lubandakanya ukugcinwa kwesazisi sendawo kunye nokhuseleko inkcubeko elilifa lethu. Ukubandakanyeka kwabadlali benkcubeko, abafana namagcisa, abayili kunye nelifa lemveli Iingcali, kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo kuqinisekisa ukuba uphuhliso lwedolophu ibonisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zoluntu.

"Uyilo olubandakanyayo alukho malunga nokufikeleleka kuphela kodwa malunga nokuqinisekisa intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko kubo bonke abasebenzisi."⁶

Ngokwamkela le migaqo iphambili yoyilo olubandakanyayo, izixeko zinokudala iindawo ezidlamkileyo, ezamkelekileyo zoluntu ezibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabahlali bazo kwaye zikhuthaze umoya wokuba ngabo bonke abantu.⁵⁶.

Izithuba zasezidolophini ezibandakanyayo zinamandla okuguqula izixeko, zikhuthaza ingqiqo Ubume obulungele iminyaka kwaye Ilaphu leNtlalo oko kuxhamlisa bonke abahlali. Ngokudala imeko-bume ehlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoluntu, ezi ndawo zongeza umanyano loluntu, zivelise UkuPhila koQoqosho, kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yonke kunye impilo.

Iindawo ezibandakanyayo zasedolophini zibonelela ngamaqonga abantu abavela kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo ukuba banxibelelane, bakhe unxibelelwano, kwaye bakhuthaze imvakalelo yoluntu.⁷. Uphando oluvela kwi-Valuable 500 lufumanise ukuba izixeko ezili-10, kuquka iAmsterdam, London, neSingapore, zavotelwa njengezona “zezona zifikelelekayo” ngabantu abakhubazekileyo abangama-3,500, kubalaselisa ukubaluleka koyilo lweendawo ezilungiselela abantu abaneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela.⁷. Ukufikeleleka kungaphaya kweempawu zomzimba, kuquka ukubandakanywa koluvo oluneempawu ezifana nemiqondiso yesandi, imiqondiso yebraille, kunye neemephu ezibambekayo ukuxhasa abo banokukhubazeka okubonakalayo okanye kokuva.⁷. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kolwazi ngeenkonzo zoluntu ezifikeleleka lula, iishedyuli zokuhamba, kunye nolwazi lomnyhadala ngundoqo ekukhuthazeni ubandakanyo lwedolophu. indawo⁷.

Iindawo ezibandakanyayo zasedolophini nazo zinokuqhuba UkuPhila koQoqosho ngokutsala amashishini ahlukeneyo, italente, notyalo-mali. Xa izixeko zibeka phambili ukufikeleleka kunye nokubandakanywa, ziba namandla ngakumbi kwaye zikhuphisane, okukhokelela ekwandeni kwamathuba ezoqoqosho kubo bonke abahlali.⁷. Izibonelelo zokufikeleleka ezixekweni zinwenwela kuluhlu lwabantu abahlukeneyo, njengabazali abaneenqwelana, abantu abadala, kunye nabakhenkethi abanemiqobo yolwimi, ebonisa ifuthe elibanzi leendawo ezibandakanyayo ezidolophini.⁷.

Iindawo ezibandakanyayo ezidolophini zikwanegalelo kwimpilo jikelele nakwintlalontle yabahlali⁸. Ukuthembela, ubudlelwane obunentsingiselo kunokonyusa ubomi bomntu ngama-50 ekhulwini, kwaye amanyathelo afana noLutsha 360 eAlaska anyukile ukufikelela kwezothutho, iindawo zoluntu, kunye namajelo onxibelelwano kuluntu oluhlelelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwentlalo kunye nokuphucula amandla oluntu ukuze alungise oko.⁸. Ngokubonelela ngeendawo zokuzonwabisa ezifikelelekayo kunye nokukhuthaza indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, izixeko ezibandakanyayo ziba namandla ngakumbi kwaye ziphile kumntu wonke.⁷. Iziseko ezingundoqo ezifikelelekayo zibalulekile, kodwa ukuhlonipha iimfuno zomntu ngamnye kunye nokuqonda ukukhubazeka kubaluleke ngokulinganayo kuluntu olubandakanyayo.⁷.

Izixeko ezili-10 ezamkelwa “njengezona zifikelelekayo” zinokusebenza njengemizekelo yophuhliso lwedolophu, ebonisa ukuba Ubume obulungele iminyaka, UkuPhila koQoqosho, kunye nenamandla Ilaphu leNtlalo ngamacandelo abalulekileyo oluntu oluphumelelayo, olubandakanyayo⁷. Njengoko izixeko zijolise ekuphuculeni ukufikeleleka kwazo, zinokufunda kolu phando luphumeleleyo kunye noyilo lweendawo zasedolophini ezibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabo bonke abahlali.⁷.

"Iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezibandakanyayo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukwahluka kwabantu okufana nesini, ubuhlanga, kunye nesondo, kwaye kugxininise ukubandakanyeka kwabachaphazelekayo ngeengxoxo ezikhokelwa ngabasebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukuba amazwi ahlukeneyo ayaviwa."⁹

Ukuyila izithuba zasezidolophini ezibandakanyayo kudla ngokufuna ukoyisa ukungalingani kwembali okumiliselwe nzulu kwi indawo eyakhelweyo¹⁰. Iindawo zoluntu zinokuchaphazela imimandla yomsebenzi, ukuguqula indlela abantu abahamba ngayo, bafumane indawo yokuhlala, banxibelelane, kwaye bazibandakanye kwimisebenzi.¹⁰. Ukwahluka kwamava kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ezinje ngeemvakalelo ezingaphaya kwengqondo, izithintelo zolwimi, ukuqina konxibelelwano lwentlalo, kunye namanqanaba okuxhalaba, kuzisa imingeni ebalulekileyo kubacwangcisi basezidolophini kunye nabayili.¹⁰.

Ukwenza ulungelelwaniso phakathi kophuhliso lwedolophu kunye nokugcinwa kwelifa lenkcubeko kunye nesazisi sasekhaya ngumsebenzi obuthathaka.¹⁰. Ukhetho loyilo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke lunokukhokelela ekukhutshelweni abantu abaninzi, njengoko amandla okusingqongileyo anokuba phantsi kwemida esekwe kuthintelo lomzimba, lwentlalo kunye nomthetho.¹⁰. Ukuguqulwa kwezi zibonelelo zibe ngamathuba kuyehluka ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zomntu ngamnye kunye nesakhono, esihlala sikhokelela kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo zamathuba kunye namandla okwenza izinto.¹⁰.

Iyabandakanywa ucwangciso lwedolophu ifuna uthethwano olubanzi kunye nothethathethwano namalungu oluntu awohlukeneyo ukujongana neemfuno zabo ezizodwa kunye nezinto abazikhethayo¹⁰. Izithuba zinokukhubaza ngenxa yoyilo olulambathayo okanye olungacingelwanga, oluchaphazela ukufikelela kwimfundo, ukulingana, kunye nomvuzo¹⁰. Abacwangcisi basezidolophini kufuneka babeke phambili ukumamela kunye nokubonisana ngaphambi kokuphumeza iingcamango ezinkulu, beqonda ukuhlukana kwamava obomi, umnqweno kunye nezimvo phakathi kwaso nasiphi na isixeko.¹⁰.

"Uyilo lwezakhiwo lubonwa ikakhulu ngokuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo, kugxilwe kwimisebenzi kunye nokunxibelelana ngelixa uhlala ungahoyi indawo eyakhelweyo."¹⁰

Uyilo oluqukayo lwedolophu kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo amava ahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zawo onke amalungu oluntu, kubandakanywa nezo zineemfuno ezithile¹¹. Abantu abane-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) banokufumana ubunzima ngonxibelelwano lwentlalo kunye nentsebenziswano, ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha, uvakalelo lweemvakalelo, kunye nemingeni ekuqondeni iimpawu zentlalo kwiindawo zikawonkewonke.¹¹. Imbono etshintshileyo yentshukumo yeemvakalelo kunye nokusetyenzwa kolwazi oluvela kwimo engqongileyo ngumba ophambili kwi-ASD, ekhokelela kwiimpendulo ezingathandekiyo kwizandi ezithile okanye ukuthungwa, ukunuka ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukuphatha izinto, kunye nokutsalwa zizibane okanye intshukumo.¹¹.

1. Ukuphumeza izicwangciso zokunciphisa ingxolo, ezifana nezixhobo ezifunxa isandi okanye iindawo ezithe cwaka ezichongiweyo, zinokunceda ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kweemvakalelo kubantu abane-autism.¹¹.
2. Ukubandakanya iimpawu ezihambelana neemvakalelo, ezinje ngamagumbi aneemvakalelo okanye iindawo ezithe cwaka phakathi kweendawo zikawonke-wonke, kunokubonelela abantu abanoluphazamiseko kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nezolileyo abanokuthi babuyele kuyo xa beziva bexinezelekile okanye bephazamisekile.¹¹.
3. Inkxaso ebonakalayo, njengeshedyuli ebonakalayo, amabali asekuhlaleni, kunye neefotogram, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni abantu abane-autism ekuhambeni kwiindawo zoluntu kunye nokukhuthaza unxibelelwano olusebenzayo.¹¹.
4. Ukuxhobisa abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo uqeqesho kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwabo ngoluphazamiseko kubalulekile ekudaleni indawo ebandakanyayo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kubantu abanoluphazamiseko.¹¹.

Ngokujongana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhethwa kwawo onke amalungu oluntu, uyilo olubandakanyayo lwedolophu lunokudala iindawo ezifikelelekayo, ezivumelayo, nezilungele impilo yabantu bonke.¹¹¹⁰.

Njengoko izixeko kwihlabathi liphela zizabalazela ukubandakanya ngakumbi, kukho imizekelo emininzi ekhuthazayo ebonisa iindlela ezintsha zoyilo lwedolophu kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu. Ukusuka kwiimetropolises eziphithizelayo zaseYurophu ukuya kumaziko aguqukayo ehlabathi, ezi zifundo zemizekelo ziqaqambisa amandla enguqu eendawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo.

E-Barcelona, ​​​​ Speyin, isixeko siphumeze isicwangciso esibanzi sokushukumiseka edolophini esibeka phambili abahambi ngeenyawo, abakhweli beebhayisikile, kunye nothutho lukawonke-wonke phezu kweemoto zabucala, sidala indawo efikeleleka ngakumbi nenobulungisa yedolophu.¹². Ukuvuselelwa kweBryant Park kwisiXeko saseNew York kusebenza njengenye imodeli eyimpumelelo, apho indawo yasekhaya ukubandakanyeka koluntu kwizigaba zokucwangcisa kunye noyilo kukhokelele ekwandeni okukhulu kwezithuthi ezihamba ngeenyawo kunye nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho kumashishini ajikelezileyo¹².

ICopenhagen, eDenmark, iye yaba yinkokeli yehlabathi uthutho oluzinzileyo kunye noyilo lwedolophu ngokubeka phambili iziseko zophuhliso lokuhamba ngebhayisikile kunye nezitalato ezilungele abahambi ngeenyawo, ukutsala amashishini kunye nokukhulisa uqoqosho lwasekhaya.¹². Ngokufanayo, iMillennium Park eChicago yaba sisiphumo sobambiswano oluyimpumelelo lwamashishini abucala nakarhulumente, kunye negalelo elikhulu lesisa elathi laguqula ubume besixeko.¹².

EMedellín, eKholombiya, inyathelo “leepaki zamathala eencwadi” liguqule iindawo ezazifudula kuthutyeleziswa iziyobisi zaba ziindawo eziphilileyo zoluntu, zibonelela ngezixhobo zemfundo kunye neendawo zokuhlanganisana ezikhuselekileyo kubahlali.¹². Ehlabathini lonke, iSuperkilen Park eCopenhagen, eDenmark, idibanise izinto ezisuka kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50, ibhiyozela iyantlukwano yenkcubeko yendawo ehlala kuyo kwaye ibonakalisa amandla oyilo olubandakanyayo.¹².

Ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweGas Works Park eSeattle, ethe yaphinda yabuyisela indawo eyayisakuba yimizi-mveliso, ukuya kwiPark Güell eBarcelona etsala izigidi zabakhenkethi ngonyaka, ezi zifundo nzulu zibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezintsha zokudala iindawo eziqukayo ezidolophini.¹². Umgca oPhezulu kwisiXeko saseNew York kunye nePromenade Plantée eParis ubonisa ngakumbi ukudityaniswa okuyimpumelelo luhlaza imbonakalo yomhlaba, uyilo oluzinzileyo, kunye nezinto zokwakha, ukuphucula amava edolophu ngokubanzi¹².

Ezi zifundo zivela kwizixeko zombini zaseYurophu kunye neemetropolises zehlabathi zigxininisa ukubaluleka Utshintsho lweDolophu, IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo, kwaye Global Urban Solutions ekudaleni iindawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo nezidlamkileyo ezibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabo bonke abemi¹²¹³.

Ezi zifundo zivela kwihlabathi liphela ziqaqambisa amandla enguqu eendawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo, ebonisa indlela EDolophini Innovation, IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo, kwaye Global Urban Solutions inokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo ukudala izixeko ezinobulungisa, ezizinzileyo, nezidlamkileyo¹²¹³.

Itekhnoloji idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni iyantlukwano yenkcubeko kunye nokubandakanywa phakathi kweendawo zasedolophini¹⁴. Imidiya yasekhaya kunye neeplatifti zedijithali ziye zavela njengezixhobo ezinamandla, ukwandisa amazwi oluntu olusengozini kunye nokwenza ukuba amabali kunye negalelo labo babelane ngelaphu ledolophu.¹⁴. Imidiya yoluntu isebenza njengojongano oluguqukayo, ukubandakanya abahlali kwiingxoxo malunga neeprojekthi zenkcubeko, ucwangciso lwedolophu, kunye nokuvuselelwa kweendawo zoluntu.

Ukunyuka kwe Smart Urban Solutions inamandla okuphucula ukufikeleleka kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo zasedolophini kubo bonke abahlali¹⁴. Itekhnoloji yokusika, njenge Internet Yezinto (IoT), abantu abaninzi, kunye kukubhadla okungeyonyani, ziyasetyenziswa ukwenza uhlolo lwexesha lokwenyani kunye novavanyo lweendawo zikawonke-wonke, ngenjongo yokusombulula iyantlukwano kunye nokukhuthaza Ukubandakanywa kweDijithali¹⁴. Itekhnoloji yokuntywila, njengenyani kunye nenyani eyandisiweyo, nayo iyasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa kunye noyilo lwemeko-bume yedolophu ebandakanyayo, elungiselelwe iimfuno zoluntu olwahlukeneyo.

Ingcamango Cities Smart iye yavela ngaphaya kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ibeka ugxininiso olumandla kwimithetho-siseko yobandakanyo kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu.¹⁵. Intsha I-Civic Tech Amanyathelo ayitshintshile imbonakalo yedolophu, ephucula ukufikeleleka kwabantu abakhubazekileyo ngokuhamba ngokulandela umkhondo wexesha lokwenyani, izibhengezo ezizenzekelayo, kunye nezithuthi zikawonke wonke ezifikeleleka ngesitulo esinamavili.¹⁵. Ngokufanayo, ukwamkelwa kweenkonzo zothutho ezifunekayo kuye kwaphucula ukushukumiseka kwabo bajongene nemiceli mngeni ngeendlela zothutho zikawonke-wonke, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uhambo lulunge ngakumbi.

Ukongeza, ukudityaniswa kwamaqonga e-telemedicine kunye nezixhobo zokufikeleleka kulwimi kuye kwaguqula unikezelo lwezempilo kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zedolophu, ngakumbi ukunceda abantu abadala, abantu abakhubazekileyo (PWDs), kunye noluntu olwahlukeneyo ngokweelwimi.¹⁵. Ezi nkqubela zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni Ukubandakanywa kweDijithali kunye nokuxhobisa amaqela ahlelelekileyo ukuba athathe inxaxheba edolophini i-ikhosistim.

Ngaphandle kokuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkonzo, itekhnoloji ibuye yenza ukuba kubandakanyeke iindlela ezibandakanyayo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kucwangciso lwedolophu kunye noyilo.¹⁶. Abaphandi baye baphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zedijithali kunye namaqonga okubandakanya uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ekubunjweni kweendawo zabo zokuhlala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zibonakaliswa kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo.¹⁶.

Amanyathelo anjengokulima ngokuthe nkqo, i-aquaponics, kunye neqonga lokubandakanya imali yetekhnoloji yokuxhasa itekhnoloji iye yanegalelo ekudalweni kwemekobume yedolophu ebandakanyayo, ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kokutya okuzinzileyo, ukuxhotyiswa kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokunciphisa intlupheko kwiindawo ezingagcinwanga kakuhle.¹⁵. Ezi I-Civic Tech izisombululo zibonisa amandla ethekhinoloji ukujongana nemingeni ebanzi yokubandakanywa kwedolophu kunye nokulingana.

Njengoko izixeko ziqhubeka nokuvela, ukudityaniswa kwetekhnoloji kunye nemigaqo yoyilo olubandakanyayo kuya kuba yeyona nto iphambili ekubumbeni ikamva leendawo zasezidolophini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye neminqweno yabo bonke abahlali.¹⁶. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e Smart Urban Solutions, izixeko zinokukhuthaza ngakumbi Ukubandakanywa kweDijithali kunye nokudala uluntu oludlamkileyo, olulinganayo, nolumanyeneyo ngokwentlalo.

Ucwangciso lwedolophu oluyimpumelelo olubandakanyayo lufuna uthethathethwano nabachaphazelekayo abohlukeneyo¹⁷. Oorhulumente kunye nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusekeni izikhokelo kunye nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo kumanyathelo oyilo olubandakanyayo.¹⁷. Ukubandakanya uluntu lwengingqi kunye nemibutho kuqinisekisa ukuba ucwangciso lubonakalisa iimfuno neminqweno eyahlukeneyo, kukhuthaza ukuziva uyinxalenye kunye nobunini phakathi koluntu.¹⁷. Ukusebenzisana nabayili bezakhiwo kunye nabayili bezakhiwo kuzisa ubutyebi bobuchule ekudaleni izithuba ezisebenzayo kunye nezinomtsalane ezibandakanya iimfuno zabo bonke abasebenzisi.

Oorhulumente kunye nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo banegalelo ekusekeni isakhelo sophuhliso lwedolophu olubandakanyayo. Banokuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo ebeka phambili ukufikeleleka, ukukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka koluntu, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso-mali yeeprojekthi ezibeka phambili imimiselo yoyilo olubandakanyayo.¹⁷. Ucwangciso olusebenzayo lwasezidolophini olubonisa imeko yendalo kunye nenkcubeko lunokuphucula amava oluvo, intuthuzelo yobushushu, kunye Ulawulo lwamanzi emvula kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, inegalelo kubume bendawo ebandakanyayo kunye nozinzo¹⁷.

Ukusebenzisana noluntu lwengingqi kunye nemibutho kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iindawo ezibandakanyayo ezidolophini zibonisa ngokwenyani iimfuno kunye nolangazelelo lwabasebenzisi bazo.¹⁷. Ukuyila iindawo zoluntu ukubonisa iyantlukwano yabasebenzisi bazo kunokukhuthaza imvakalelo yokubandakanywa nokuba yeyabantu, ukukhuthaza intatho-nxaxheba esebenzayo ngamaqela ahlukeneyo kuluntu, njengabasetyhini kunye nolutsha.¹⁷. Ucwangciso olusekwe kubumelwane lukhuthaza ukuzazi nokuba ungowabantu ezixekweni, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekhaya, ubambiswano loluntu, kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu.¹⁸.

Abayili bezakhiwo kunye nabayili badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziseni umbono weendawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo.¹⁷. Ukubonakala kunye nokufundeka kwiindawo zasezidolophini kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho nokuphucula iimbono zokhuseleko phakathi kwabatyeleli.¹⁷. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabacwangcisi basezidolophini, abayili bezakhiwo, ababhekisi, kunye noluntu lubalulekile ekudaleni iindawo ezikhuselekileyo ezibeka phambili amava omntu¹⁸. Iiprojekthi ezifana ne-Underline ye-Miami ibonisa ukubaluleka kokubonelela ngeemfuno zoluntu ezahlukeneyo Uyilo oluhlaza ixabiso, iingqwalaselo zobulungisa boluntu, kunye nemigaqo yobandakanyo kucwangciso lwedolophu kunye nolwakhiwo¹⁷.

Indlela ye-Arup yokubandakanya ucwangciso lwedolophu igxininisa ukudibanisa ukubonisana, ucwangciso, kunye nokucinga kunye noyilo kunye nezakhono zokwenza indawo ukuze kubunjwe ngokutsha iindawo zibe ngcono.¹⁷. Uthethathethwano nabachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa iincoko ezikhokelwa ngabasebenzisi, kuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezahlukeneyo ziyaviwa kwaye zihlanganiswe kwinkqubo yoyilo, igalelo ekudalweni kweendawo zoluntu ezibandakanya ngokwenene nezifikelelekayo.¹⁷.

"Ukucwangciswa kwedolophu okubandakanyayo kujonge ukujongana nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwembali, inkuthazo yobuhlanga kunye neklasi eye yaphembelela iindlela zoyilo zocalucalulo, kwaye ijolise ekudaleni iindawo zoluntu ezamkelekileyo kwaye zifikeleleke kubo bonke abantu."¹⁷

Njengoko izixeko zizamela ukuzinza ngakumbi kwaye zikwazi ukuzimela, ikamva leendawo zasezidolophini likulungele ukwenza utshintsho. Iintsingiselo kuyilo olubandakanyayo lwedolophu lugxile ekudaleni iindawo eziguquguqukayo neziguquguqukayo ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zoluntu olwahlukeneyo.¹⁹. Ulutsha kunye neengcali eziselula zibonelela ngeembono ezintsha ngeendawo zasedolophini, zinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokutshintsha koluntu kunye neemfuno zekamva.¹⁹. Intlalontle kufuneka ibethelelwe kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi basedolophini bemihla ngemihla, ukukhuthaza impilo yesixeko siphela.¹⁹. Ukungalungelelani, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuzenzekela kufuneka kuvunyelwe kwiindawo zasezidolophini ukuvumela ukubunjwa komsebenzisi kunye namava aguquguqukayo.¹⁹. Ukudibanisa ukusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo, abasebenzisi, iinkonzo, kunye nemisebenzi kwiindawo zasezidolophini kwandisa udlamko kunye nokuphila¹⁹.

Ikamva leendawo zasezidolophini liphawulwa kugqaliselo kwimigaqo yoyilo olubandakanyayo olubeka phambili ukufikeleleka, ukubandakanyeka koluntu, kunye nobuntununtunu kwinkcubeko.²⁰. Ngokutsho kwe-MIT's Senseable City Lab, iSingapore ikhokela kwi-Green View Index elinganisa i-canopy cover kwizixeko, igxininisa ukubaluleka kwenani elikhulu imithi kwiindawo zasezidolophini²⁰. Ukwenza utyalo-mali kuhambo olukhulu nokuphuhlisa iipaseji zokuhamba nokuhamba ngebhayisikile unako ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwizixeko nge-5-15% (C40 isifundo)²⁰. Uphononongo olwenziwa yiBhunga leGlobal Agenda yeForam yezoQoqosho lweHlabathi kwiKamva leZixeko ludwelise ukwanda kokhuselo lwecanopy eluhlaza njengelinye lamanyathelo alishumi aphambili ocwangciso lwedolophu.²⁰.

As imo iyatshintsha ibeka isoyikiso esonyukayo kuluntu lwasezidolophini, imfuno yokumelana nemozulu kunye neendawo zasedolophini ezibandakanyayo iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili.²⁰. Kwihlabathi jikelele, abahlanu kwabalishumi oonobangela abaphezulu bokusweleka banxulumene nokuziphatha kakubi, begxininisa imfuneko yamayeza othintelo.²⁰. Izixeko zijonge ekuphuhliseni ukhathalelo lwempilo zendalo igxile kwintlalontle ngongenelelo kwangethuba kunye nokuthintela, ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yedijithali²⁰. Izixeko ziyakhula ukuze zibonelele ngeenkonzo ezibandakanyayo kunye neziseko ezingundoqo zokulwa ukungalingani kunye nokubonelela ngokufikelela ngokulinganayo kwizindlu, amathuba, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu.²⁰.

²¹ Iindawo zasedolophini eziyilwe kakuhle zinempembelelo enkulu kwintlalontle, ezoqoqosho, kunye nentlalo-ntle yokusingqongileyo yesixeko²¹. Iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezidolophini zibalulekile kunxibelelwano noluntu kunye nokubambana kwezentlalo, ukukhuthaza ukubandakanywa kunye novakalelo lokuba ngabahlali.²¹. Iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezidlamkileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho ngokutsala abakhenkethi kunye nabemi basekuhlaleni, ukunyusa izinga lokuhamba ngeenyawo, kwaye kuxhamle amashishini akufutshane.²¹. Edolophini izithuba eziluhlaza nceda ukuchasana ne ubushushu bedolophu isiphumo sesiqithi, sibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala Zasendle, kwaye uphucule umgangatho womoya, inegalelo kubume bendalo nokuzinza yezixeko²¹. Ukubandakanyeka koluntu kucwangciso kunye neenkqubo zokuyila kwandisa izinga lempumelelo yeeprojekthi zendawo yasezidolophini kwaye kukhuthaza umoya wobunini phakathi kwabahlali.²¹. Imigaqo yoyilo oluzinzileyo, njengokusebenzisa izinto eco-friendly kunye nokudibanisa iindawo eziluhlaza, zibalulekile ekudaleni imimandla yasezidolophini ezinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kwexesha elide²¹. Amabali empumelelo avela kwizixeko ezifana ne-Barcelona's Passeig de Gràcia kunye neNew York City's High Line ibonisa impembelelo entle yotshintsho lweendawo ezidolophini zoluntu.²¹. Ukuguqulwa kweendawo zoluntu ezidolophini yinkqubo eqhubekayo efuna ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zabemi basezidolophini.²¹.

“Ikamva lezixeko zethu alikho nje izakhiwo kunye neziseko zophuhliso; imalunga nokudala iindawo ezidibanisa abantu, zikhuthaze umoya wokuhlalisana, nokukhuthaza impilo-ntle yomntu wonke.”

Abantu ngabanye badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ubandakanyo lweendawo ezisezidolophini. Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokubandakanyeka kukuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ucwangciso lwengingqi iintlanganiso. Oku kuvumela abemi ukuba bavakalise iimbono zabo kunye nenkxalabo malunga nedolophu iiprojekthi zophuhliso, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zoluntu olwahlukeneyo ziyamelwa²².

Ukuxhasa amalinge oluntu akhuthaza ubandakanyo yenye indlela enefuthe lokuba abantu banikele. Oku kunokubandakanya iiprojekthi zokuphucula ubumelwane, iziganeko zenkcubeko, okanye amaqela okukhuthaza agxile kucwangciso lwedolophu kunye noyilo. Ngokuzibandakanya nezi nzame zisezantsi, abemi banokunceda ukubumba umbono wezixeko ezibandakanyayo²³.

Ukuzimasa nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiintlanganiso zesicwangciso sengingqi yindlela enamandla yokuba abantu ngabanye bathethelele iindawo ezibandakanyayo ezidolophini. Oku akuvumeli kuphela abahlali ukuba banike igalelo elixabisekileyo kunye nengxelo kodwa kukwanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amazwi oluntu olwahlukeneyo ayaviwa²².

Ngokuzimasa ezi ntlanganiso, abantu ngabanye banokuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nokubaluleka kwemithetho-siseko yoyilo olubandakanyayo, njengokufikeleleka, ubuntununtunu benkcubeko, kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu. Basenokuthethelela imigaqo-nkqubo kunye namanyathelo abeka phambili iimfuno zamaqela angamelwanga ngokwaneleyo²³²².

Abantu ngabanye bangenza impembelelo ebalulekileyo ngokuxhasa amalinge akhokelwa luluntu akhuthaza ubandakanyo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini. Oku kunokubandakanya ngokuzithandela, ukunikela ngezibonelelo, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiiprojekthi ezijolise ekuphuculeni ukufikeleleka, ukukhuthaza iyantlukwano yenkcubeko, okanye ukubandakanya abahlali bendawo²³.

Ezi nzame ziphantsi, zihlala ziqhutywa yimibutho yoluntu, imibutho engenzi nzuzo, kunye uthethathethwano loluntu amaqela, adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni uphuhliso lweendawo ezibandakanya wonke umntu ezidolophini. Ngokuboleka inkxaso yabo, abantu ngabanye banokuba negalelo ekudaleni iindawo zoluntu ezinobulungisa kunye nolwamkelo²³²².

"Iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zasezidolophini azikho nje ngokufikeleleka ngokwasemzimbeni, kodwa nangokudala isimo sengqondo sokubandakanyeka kunye noluntu lwabantu bonke." – Jane Doe, Urban Planner

Ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiintlanganiso zocwangciso zengingqi kunye nokuxhasa amaphulo aqhutywa luluntu, abantu ngabanye bangenza umahluko obonakalayo ekukhuthazeni iindawo ezibandakanya wonke umntu ezidolophini. Olu thethathethwano olusisiseko lubalulekile ekubumbeni ikamva lezixeko zethu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyilelwe ukunceda iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabo bonke abahlali.²³²²²⁴.

Njengoko sibonakalisa ukubaluleka kweendawo zasezidolophini ezibandakanyayo, kuyacaca ukuba indlela eya phambili ifuna intsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi kwabacwangcisi basezidolophini, abaqulunqi, abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noluntu. Izinto eziphambili zokuthatha zigxininisa ukubaluleka yeyantlukwano ngokwenkcubeko, ukufikeleleka, kunye nokuzibandakanya noluntu ekudaleni izixeko ezidlamkileyo, ezibandakanyayo ezibonisa ngokwenyani imigaqo²⁵ kwaye²⁶. Izixeko ezifana neBarcelona kunye neMedellín zibonise impembelelo entle yamanyathelo anjalo, ngokubandakanyeka okwandisiweyo koluntu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubahlali abahlelelekileyo.²⁵.

Ucwangciso olubandakanyayo lwedolophu lujolise ekudaleni izixeko ezifikelelekayo, ezikhuselekileyo, kunye nokwamkela wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, isini, uhlanga, okanye ubuchule bomzimba.²⁶. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko lwabahambi ngeenyawo, ukubandakanya ukupeyintwa okuchukumisayo kunye nezihlalo ezifikelelekayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa imiqondiso ecacileyo enemibala eyahlukileyo ephezulu kunye neefonti ezicacileyo.²⁶. Ngaphaya koko, uyilo olubandakanyayo lwedolophu lubhiyozela iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, izithethe, kunye nobunikazi babahlali besixeko, ukukhuthaza ubumbano loluntu kunye nemvakalelo yokuba ngabathile.²⁶.

Ikamva lezixeko zethu lixhomekeke kwiinzame ezihlangeneyo zabayili, abacwangcisi basezidolophini, kunye nabemi ababandakanyekayo ukudala iindawo ezibonisa ngokwenyani imigaqo ye.²⁵²⁷,, kwaye²⁶. Abaqulunqi kufuneka babeke phambili ubandakanyo kumsebenzi wabo, baqinisekise ukuba indalo yabo ihlangabezana neemfuno zabo bonke abantu basekuhlaleni, kubandakanywa nabo baphuma kumaqela angahoywanga.²⁷. Ngeli xesha, abemi bayakhuthazwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekubumbeni imeko-bume ezidolophini, bavakalise iimfuno zabo kunye neminqweno yabo kumagunya asekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yoluntu.²⁵. Ngokusebenza kunye, singakwazi ukuguqula izixeko zethu zibe ziindawo ezidlamkileyo, ezibandakanyayo ezibhiyozela iyantlukwano kwaye zikhuthaze umoya wokuba ngumntu wonke.

1. INcwadana yoCwangciso lweDolophu olubandakanya isini kunye noYilo – https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/publication/handbook-for-gender-inclusive-urban-planning-and-design
2. Akukho sihloko sifunyenweyo- https://www.journalpublicspace.org/accessibility/jps_7_2_2022/JPS_7_2_2022_6.html
3. Izithuba eziqukayo okanye ezikhethekileyo? | UJulian Agyeman - https://julianagyeman.com/2010/10/17/inclusive-or-exclusive-spaces/
4. Amandla okwenziwa kweNdawo: Ukuvuselela iZithuba zaseDolophini kuLuntu oluZimeleyo- https://rdgusa.com/news/revitalizing-urban-spaces
5. Imigaqo yoyilo olubandakanyayo: ibandakanya wena - https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/fileadmin/uploads/dc/Documents/the-principles-of-inclusive-design.pdf
6. Uyilo oluBandakanyayo kwiNdawo zoLuntu: Imigaqo ye-UX yokuFikelela kunye neNdawo zaseDolophini ezinoLingano - https://medium.com/@zaratewolde/inclusive-design-in-public-spaces-ux-principles-for-accessible-and-equitable-urban-areas-644bdd51133b
7. Ukufikeleleka sisitshixo kwiSixeko esiBandakanyayo | IE Insights - https://www.ie.edu/insights/articles/accessibility-is-the-key-to-an-inclusive-city/
8. Yila iZithuba zoLuntu eziBandakanyayo ukomeleza uQhagamshelwano loLuntu- https://healthyplacesbydesign.org/design-inclusive-public-spaces-to-strengthen-social-connections/
9. Ukudala iindawo zoluntu ezibandakanyayo nezifikelelekayo | Marshalls - https://www.marshalls.co.uk/commercial/blog/creating-inclusive-and-accessible-public-spaces
10. UkuBandakanya koMfanekiso kwiNdawo zoLuntu- https://wordpress.stuartneilson.com/picturing-inclusivity-in-public-spaces
11. Ukudala iZithuba eziBandakanyayo: Ukuqonda iAutism kunye neNdawo zoLuntu - iBridge Care ABA - https://www.bridgecareaba.com/blog/autism-and-public-spaces
12. Izifundo ezili-10 zeePaka zoLuntu eziSekelwe kuLuntu – https://urbandesignlab.in/10-case-studies-for-community-centered-public-parks/?srsltid=AfmBOorWxE_H8aj-NTte3Tc4aH-YTl0WA67MzdzZqOjIP-8txNn9CH2h
13. Ukudala iNdawo zoLuntu eziBandakanyayo: Izifundo eziphuma kwiZifundo zeMyelo zeHlabathi ezine kwiZixeko eziBandakanyayo - uPapasho - https://www.disabilityinnovation.com/publications/co-creating-inclusive-public-spaces-learnings-from-four-global-case-studies-on-inclusive-cities
14. Ukusetyenziswa koBuchwephesha obuSmart ekudaleni iNdawo yoLuntu yaseDolophini eBandayo - https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/6/5/112
15. UbuGcisa obu-5 obuTsha boBuchwephesha bokwenza ukuba izixeko zibandakanyeke ngakumbi. https://highways.today/2024/04/02/5-tech-innovations-making-cities-more-inclusive/
16. Indima yeTekhnoloji ekuBandakanyani kweeDolophu-Ngokugxininisa kuBukho baBantu abaKhubazekileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini- https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_153550.html?lang=en
17. Uyilo oluBandakanyayo: Ukudala iNdawo eziKhuselekileyo kunye nezamkelwayo zaseDolophini- https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/architectural-community/a12876-inclusive-design-creating-safe-and-welcoming-urban-spaces/
18. Ukudala iiDolophu ezineNjongo neziThandekayo: Ukuphinda kucingelwe iiNdawo zaseDolophini kumava oLuntu | Ukuqonda | Kancinci - https://www.littleonline.com/insights/creating-purposeful-and-beloved-cities-reimagining-urban-places-for-the-human-experience/
19. YETHU IZIXEKO EZIKAMVA -Izimvo zokubumba ikamva leendawo zasedolophini- https://www.ourfuturecities.co/news/ideas-and-guidance-to-shape-the-future-of-urban-spaces
20. Ikamva ledolophu elinenjongo - https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/public-sector/future-of-cities.html
21. Ukuvuselela iNdawo zaseDolophini: Ukuvuselelwa kweSixeko sanamhlanje- https://www.philmyrick.com/sb/the-renaissance-of-urban-spaces-in-modern-cities/
22. Nantsi indlela onokuthi ukhuthaze ngayo iyantlukwano kunye nokubandakanywa kucwangciso lwedolophu ngokuqinisekisa. - https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/heres-how-you-can-promote-diversity-inclusion-urban-fr5ff
23. Ungayithethelela njani imithetho-siseko yoyilo olubandakanyayo kwiiprojekthi zendawo yoluntu ezinemiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali? - https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-can-you-advocate-inclusive-design-principles-qpkie
24. Kubandakanywa ngoYilo: Ukubeka iSiseko seyantlukwano kwiNdawo yoLuntu - https://www.pps.org/article/inclusive-by-design-laying-a-foundation-for-diversity-in-public-space
25. Ukuyila iziXeko eziLinganayo: iSinyanzeliso soCwangciso lweDolophu oluBandayo - https://royalblog.org/2024/10/13/crafting-equitable-cities-the-imperative-of-inclusive-urban-planning/
26. Amanyathelo oCwangciso lweDolophu aBandakanyiweyo: Ukuchazwa ngokutsha kweNdawo zoLuntu kuye wonke umntu-FasterCapital- https://fastercapital.com/content/Inclusive-Urban-Planning-Initiatives–Redefining-Public-Spaces-for-Everyone.html
27. Ukubuyisela isithuba sikawonke-wonke soLingano lweMpilo- https://rpa.org/work/reports/reclaiming-public-space-for-health-equity