I-Vancouver iRecycled kunye ne-Reclaimed Materials Trends

Kwindawo edlamkileyo emzini of Vancouver, ukulungiswa kwezindlu okuzinzileyo kukhula ngokukhawuleza njengoko abahlali befuna ukunciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokudala iindawo zokuhlala eziluhlaza. Umba ongundoqo wolu hlaziyo lulungele i-eco-friendly kukusindisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona izinto zokwakha, engaphambukisi nje inkunkuma kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma kuphela kodwa ikwabonelela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho nezendalo¹.

Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zakutsha nje, iMetro Vancouver yenze malunga ne-3.6 yezigidi zeetoni zenkunkuma eqinileyo ngo-2007.¹. Ngaphandle kwe-55% yezinga lokuguqulwa, ukudilizwa, ukwakhiwa, kunye necandelo loCwangciso mhlaba lisathumela malunga neetoni ezingama-375,000 zenkunkuma yenkuni kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.¹. Lo mkhwa unokutshintshwa ngokulondolozwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ezi mathiriyeli, ezinokunciphisa iindleko zokulahla, ukudala imisebenzi yasekhaya, kunye nokunciphisa imfuno entsha. Uvimba wendalo¹.

• I-Vancouver's recycling kunye necandelo lemathiriyeli liyindlela ekhulayo, eqhutywa ngumnqweno wolondolozo lwekhaya oluzinzileyo.
• IMetro Vancouver yenze izigidi ezi-3.6 zeetoni zenkunkuma eqinileyo ngo-2007, kunye ishishini lokwakha inegalelo elikhulu kwinkunkuma yokulahla inkunkuma.
• Ukonga kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokwakha kunganceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokulahla, ukudala imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yemithombo yendalo emitsha.
• Ukusebenzisa kwakhona imathiriyeli egciniweyo kudla ngokuxabisa ngaphantsi kweemveliso ezintsha, kuhlala ixesha elide, kwaye kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
• Iinkqubo zokwakha ezizinzileyo bafumana intshukumo eVancouver njengoko abaninimzi kunye namashishini befuna ukunciphisa Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni.

IVancouver intengiso yezindlu ibona ukwanda kweendlela zokuhlaziya ezizinzileyo, ezibonisa ulwazi olukhulayo lwemiba yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nomnqweno wokufuna amakhaya asebenzayo, angabizi kakhulu.². The Iziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo kwaye Izakhiwo Umgaqo-nkqubo, owasungulwa ngo-Oktobha 2018, ubeke umgangatho ophantsi ohambelanayo uyilo oluzinzileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwe iziseko kunye nezakhiwo ezilawulwa yiMetro Vancouver². Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ubandakanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanywa ukusebenza kwamandla, ukukhutshwa kwegesi ukuncitshiswa, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nendalo impilo².

Kuyo yonke idolophu, abaninimzi kunye ababhekisi bayawolana izinto zokwakha ezilungele indalo kunye nezixhobo zokonga amanzi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye namatyala oncedo³. Isakhiwo esiluhlaza izicwangciso, ezifana nemigangatho LEED, ziye zatshintsha uyilo kunye namacandelo okwakha, nangona engakhange asombulule ngokupheleleyo nokuzinza imingeni ekupheleni komjikelo wobomi besakhiwo³. The ISETYHULA UQOQOSHO (CE) ifumene i-traction, igxininise ekutshintsheni iindlela zomgca kunye nemveliso ehlala ixesha elide, enokulungiswa, kunye nenokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye ne-asethi.³.

Ukudilizwa, ukudilizwa kwezakhiwo ukuze kubuyiselwe izinto ezixabisekileyo, kuya kuthandwa kakhulu imizi njengeVancouver kunye nePortland, nangona ihlala inqabile eMntla Melika xa kuthelekiswa neYurophu³. Ukudityaniswa, ukulinganisa, kunye nokusebenza kwesetyhula njenge-deconstruction kwi indawo eyakhelweyo Icandelo yimimandla efuna uphando kunye nengqalelo eyongezelelweyo³.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-CE kunye uphuhliso lwedolophu kuye kwagxininiswa ngakumbi, ukubeka izixeko njengabadlali abaphambili ekukhuthazeni izenzo ezijikelezayo zokwakhiwa okuzinzileyo. indawo³. Izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, ezifana nezisombululo zekhonkrithi ephantsi kwekhabhoni, zibonise ukunciphisa okukhulu ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni⁴, kunye nokudityaniswa kweteknoloji yokwakha ehlakaniphile kunye ne Internet Yezinto (IoT) iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesakhiwo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla⁴.

Utshintsho olusingise kwiindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo eVancouver lubonisa ukuzibophelela okubanzi ukuhoywa kwendalo kunye nomnqweno wokudala ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuhlawula iindleko, kunye amakhaya eco-friendly. Njengoko isixeko siqhubeka sikhokelela kwizisombululo zokwakha ezizinzileyo, ikamva lendawo eyakhiweyo eVancouver libukeka likhula luhlaza²³⁴.

Imarike yeVancouver's recycled ne-reclaimed materials ifumana ukunyuka okuthe gqolo, okuqhutywa yimfuno ekhulayo yeendlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nomtsalane owodwa we. izixhobo zokwakha ezigciniweyo⁵. Icandelo lokwakha, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokudilizwa (CRD) linikele malunga ne-141 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kuqoqosho lwaseCanada ngo-2020.⁵, kunye neshishini elivelisa malunga ne-30% yenkunkuma yehlabathi⁵.

Imfuno yemathiriyeli ebuyiselweyo eVancouver ikhuthazwa zizo zombini iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kunye nesibheno sobuhle beemveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngakumbi. ibuyise ifenitshala yamaplanga⁵. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonelelwa kwezinto ezithile ezifunwayo, ezinje ngamaplanga okukhula kwakudala, kunokuthintelwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuguquguqukeni kwamaxabiso.⁵. Ngokutsho kwe2022 isifundo, izinto ezivela kumacandelo okwakha kunye nokudilizwa zenze i-22.7% yenkunkuma efika kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma yeSiqithi saseVancouver.⁶.

Amaxabiso ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyiselwe eVancouver zinokwahluka ngokusekelwe kubukho kunye nemfuno yemarike⁵. Ezinye iinkampani, ezifana neHarmon, zichaze ukuthotywa kweendleko okungenani ngama-25% kwizinto ezithile zomgca ngokubandakanya imathiriyeli ebangwayo efunyenwe ngenkqubo yeBMEx.⁶. Lilonke, ukukhula kokuthandwa kwemisebenzi yokwakha ezinzileyo kube nefuthe elihle kwezoqoqosho, kunye neshishini elinegalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho lwasekhaya nolwesizwe.⁵.

The IVancouver iye yaphinda yasetyenziswa kwaye yaphinda yafunwa imathiriyeli Imakethi inikezelwa ngabadlali abaphambili abahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iiyadi zokuhlangula, ababoneleli bezakhiwo eziluhlaza, kunye neenkampani ezikhethekileyo zokudiliza ezigxile ekubuyiseni izinto.⁵. Iinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezibhalisiweyo kunye nenkqubo ye-BMEx, kwaye iinkampani ezintsha zibhalisa yonke imihla⁶. Indawo yokuhlala yoLuntu Khanada ukwaseke iiReStores kwilizwe liphela ezamkela imathiriyeli yokwakha eshiyekileyo kunye nefanitshala esetyenziselwe ngobunono ukuze iphinde ithengiswe, iziphambukisa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.⁵.

"I-Circular Economy Leadership Canada (CELC) igxile ekusebenziseni izicwangciso zesetyhula ukwandisa ubomi bezakhiwo ezikhoyo, ukugcinwa kwezinto kunye i-carbon ekhoyo. "⁵

Ishishini likwaxhaswa yimibutho efana neCanadian Standards Association (CSA) Group, elawula iKomiti yeMirror yaseCanada kwiKomiti yezobuGcisa ye-ISO ye-Circular Economy (ISO TC 323), iphuhlisa imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe emiselwe ukupapashwa ngehlobo le-2024.⁵. Ukongeza, i-Climate Smart Building Alliance kunye neThuba leSetyhula Innovation I-Launchpad (COIL) isebenza ngenkuthalo ukulungisa ukujikeleza kwezinto zokwakha, kubandakanywa iinkuni zeCRD.⁵.

Ukusetyenziswa izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, ezifana neemveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neemveliso ezibuyiselweyo, zibonelela ngoluhlu lweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kwishishini lokwakha eVancouver⁷. Ezi ndlela zinobuhlobo be-eco-friendly zinceda ukunciphisa imfuno yemithombo enyulu, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint ehambelana nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuthutha.

Ngokomzekelo⁷, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) amaplanga aqinisekisiweyo aqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kweenkuni okuzinzileyo kunye nemigangatho ephezulu yokusingqongileyo kunye nentlalo.⁷. I-bamboo, ingca ekhula ngokukhawuleza, ibonelela ngenye indlela ehlaziyekayo kunemithi yesintu⁷, kunye neentsimbi ezisetyenzisiweyo njengentsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam zingaphinda zisetyenziswe ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni amandla okanye ukuqina.⁷. Izinto ezibuyiselweyo ezifana nezitena, iithayile, kunye neglasi evela kwizakhiwo ezidala nazo zibonelela ngokhetho oluzinzileyo nolulodwa⁷, ngelixa ugcina izinto ezixabisekileyo kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.

ezintsha ukuxhoma izisombululo, ezifana⁷ fafaza amagwebu⁷, iselulosi, kunye⁷ uboya begusha, bunegalelo ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezakhiwo⁷. Uphahla lwentsimbi⁷, uphahla oluhlaza, yaye⁷ iithayile zelanga zibonisa ukudityaniswa kwe izinto ezizinzileyo kunye netekhnoloji, ephucula ukusebenzelana kwendalo jikelele kumakhaya kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo.

Ngokwamkela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nezakhiwe ngokutsha, ishishini lokwakha eVancouver lenza imitsi ebalulekileyo ekufikeleleni ngakumbi. ikamva elizinzileyo⁸. Le ndlela inceda ukuthintela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, inciphisa inkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, kwaye icuthe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla xa kuthelekiswa nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha.⁸. Iinkampani ezifana neVancouver Grand Construction Inc. zikhokela indlela ngokubandakanya uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezisombululo ezilungele indalo kwiiprojekthi zabo.

Isishwankathelo, izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo zokusebenzisa izinto ezibuyiselweyo kwicandelo lokwakha eVancouver zicacile⁷⁸. Olu tshintsho lubhekiselele kwizenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo alunciphisi nje kuphela ubukho bekhabhoni kushishino kodwa lukwakhuthaza uqoqosho olujikelezayo ngakumbi, apho izibonelelo ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ishishini lokwakha eVancouver liye lamkela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisindisiweyo nezibuyiselweyo, ezibonisa ukuzibophelela kwesixeko kwiindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo. Phakathi kwezona zifunwa kakhulu Izibonelelo zoKwakha eziSindisiweyo ziiMveliso zamaplanga kunye neMithi, izinto zoYilo, kunye neziLungiso kunye neHardware.

Amaplanga agciniweyo, ngakumbi amaplanga okukhula, axatyiswe kakhulu eVancouver. Ezi zixhobo zokhuni eziguquguqukayo kunye nezohlukileyo zongeza umlingiswa kunye nomtsalane wembali kulwakhiwo olutsha okanye ukulungiswa⁹. Ifanitshala yoMthi ebuyiselweyo kunye nezinye iimveliso zokhuni lukhetho oludumileyo kubanini bezindlu kunye nabayili abajonge ukubandakanya izinto ezizinzileyo kunye nenye-zohlobo kwiiprojekthi zabo.

Ukusindiswa kwezakhiwo, njengeengcango, iifestile, kunye nezinto zokubumba, nazo zifunwa kakhulu eVancouver. Ezi mpawu zembali zinokudityaniswa ngaphandle komthungo kuyilo lwangoku, ukudibanisa endala kunye nentsha ukwenza izinto zangaphakathi ezibukekayo kunye nangaphandle.⁹. Abanini bezindlu kunye nabaqulunqi bahlala befuna ezi Elements zoLwakhiwo ezikhethekileyo zokongeza umlingiswa kunye nokunyaniseka kwiiprojekthi zabo.

Ukulungiswa kokukhanya kweVintage, iqhosha lengcango, kunye nezinye iihardware zifunwa kakhulu eVancouver ngophawu lwazo olwahlukileyo kunye nomtsalane.⁹. Ezi Izibonelelo zoKwakha eziSindisiweyo inokuguqula isithuba, yongeza uchuku lomlinganiswa nembali engenakuphindwa-phindwa ngezinto ezintsha, eziveliswe ngobuninzi. Ukudibanisa ezi zinto zilungiswayo kunye nehardware kuyilo lwangoku lwenza umdibaniso ohambelanayo omdala kunye nomtsha.

“Ukufaka imathiriyeli egciniweyo kwiiprojekthi zethu kusivumela ukuba senze uyilo olulodwa noluzinzileyo oluhambelana nohlobo lwembali yaseVancouver. Zakhiwo. "

-UJane Doe, uMyili waNgaphakathi⁹

Izinto zokwakha ezisetyenzisiweyo inokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zezoqoqosho xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezintsha zokwakha. Okokuqala, ezi zixhobo zihlala zibiza kancinci kunezo zinyulu, zizenza zibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwiiprojekthi eziqaphela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.¹⁰. Recycled iplastikiUmzekelo, idla ngokuthathwa kwiijagi zobisi kunye neebhotile zeshampu, ibonelela ngenye indlela engabizi kakhulu kwiplastiki enyulu.¹⁰. Ngokufanayo, iinkuni ezibuyiselweyo zinokuhlangulwa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izakhiwo ezidiliziweyo, iinqanawa ezidla umhlala-phantsi, eziwileyo. imithi, kunye nobutyobo besiphango, ebonelela ngokhetho olufikelelekayo ngakumbi kunemithi esanda kuvunwa¹⁰.

Ngaphaya koko, ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo kunokukhokelela ekongeni ixesha elide ngokunciphisa imirhumo yokulahla nokulahla inkunkuma.¹⁰. Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha iintsimbi ezifana ne-aluminiyam kunye nentsimbi, umzekelo, ngokuqhelekileyo zivelisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse encinci xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso yokuqala, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oluzinzileyo nolungabizi kakhulu.¹⁰. Iglasi ehlaziyiweyo, ukongeza kwi-insulation yayo kunye nokuqina kwayo, inokunyibilika kwaye iguqulwe ibe yimveliso entsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho, iphucula ngakumbi izibonelelo zayo zoqoqosho.¹⁰.

Ngaphaya kogcino lweendleko ngokuthe ngqo, ukusetyenziswa kwe izixhobo zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo inokuxhasa uqoqosho lwasekhaya ngokudala imisebenzi kumashishini okurisayikilishwa kunye nokusindisa¹⁰. Oku ke kunegalelo kuqoqosho ngokubanzi impilo yoluntu, ukwenza imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo ibe lutyalo-mali olukrelekrele kuzo zombini iiprojekthi zomntu ngamnye kunye nommandla obanzi¹⁰.

Ngelixa iindleko-ukusebenza kakuhle kwe izixhobo zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zeprojekthi ethile, inzuzo yezoqoqosho iyonke icacile. Ngokwamkela ukusetyenziswa kweZibonelelo zokwakha eziRecycled, Izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, yaye Izisombululo zoLungiso loHlaza, iingcali zokwakha kunye nabaninimzi banokukonwabela ukonga ixesha elide ngelixa befak' isandla kwikamva elizinzileyo¹⁰.

Ukugcina izityebi ilifa lemveli yezakhiwo yamakhaya embali yaseVancouver yeyona nto iphambili kubaninimzi abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlaziyo kufuneka lujongane neemfuno ezikhulayo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye ubomi obuzinzileyo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezintsha ezivumela abaninimzi ukuba badibanise ngokungenamthungo Izisombululo zoLungiso loHlaza, Ukusindiswa kwezakhiwo, yaye Izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo kwiiprojekthi zabo zamakhaya elifa lemveli.

Isitshixo sokuphumelela ukulungiswa kwekhaya lelifa lemveli silele ekususweni ngononophelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto zokuqala. Amagcisa anobuchule angazikhulula ngononophelo iimpawu ezinjengeefestile, iingcango, kunye nomgangatho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi Ukusindiswa kwezakhiwo izinto zinokuphinda zifakwe ngomonakalo omncinci¹¹. Oku akugcini nje ukugcina imfezeko yembali yekhaya kodwa kunciphisa inkunkuma yokwakha, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% yemathiriyeli enokuhlangulwa kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe.¹¹.

Ukudibanisa endala kunye entsha luhlobo lobugcisa kulungiso lwelifa lemveli. Abaninimzi banokubandakanya Izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo ezihambelana nobuhle bangaphambili, njengamaplanga abuyiselweyo, amatye endalo, kunye neefestile ezonga amandla. Le ndlela ayiphuculi nje kuphela ubume bekhaya kodwa ikwaphucula ukusebenza kwayo kokusingqongileyo¹². Imiceli mngeni eyahlukileyo, efana nokujongana nemozulu yaseVancouver kunye nokufumana iimvume, inokuqhutywa ngoncedo lweengcali zokuhlaziya ezinamava.¹².

Ngokuwola Izisombululo zoLungiso loHlaza, Abanini bezindlu eVancouver banokuphefumla ubomi obutsha kwimizi yabo yelifa ngelixa begcina umtsalane wabo wembali kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yabo yokusingqongileyo. Olu lungelelwaniso lokugcinwa kunye nokuzinza lungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ezi zixhobo zezakhiwo ziyaqhubeka zithatha kwaye zikhuthaza izizukulwana ezizayo.

EVancouver, iinkuni ezibuyiselweyo ziye zaba lukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwabenzi befenitshala, abaqulunqi, kunye nabaninimzi abafuna ukubandakanya izinto ezizodwa, ezinobuhlobo kwindalo kwiindawo zabo.¹³. Umenzi wefanitshala uBrooke Wingrove uphehlelele iVancouver Reclaimed ngo-2011, egxile kwifanitshala kunye nokugqitywa okwenziwe ngamaplanga abuyiselweyo asuka kufutshane neGreater Vancouver kunye neFraser Valley.¹³. I-Wingrove isebenzisa ikakhulu i-Douglas fir kunye ne-oki ethile kwiziqwenga zefenitshala yakhe, ezibandakanya iingcango zesilayidi ezilungiselelweyo ezisebenza njengeempawu kunye nezahluli zegumbi elisebenzayo.¹³.

Indlela yefenitshala yohlobo lwemizi-mveliso iye yavela kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, ngokutshintshela kwinkangeleko yangoku kunye nesulungekisiweyo¹³. Iinkampani ezinje ngeRestoration Hardware ziye zavuselela umkhwa wefenitshala yeshishini ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, kodwa imeko iye yavela yacoceka, yoyilo oluncinci.¹³. Umsebenzi wefenitshala yesiko uvumela iWingrove ukuba icebise abathengi kuyilo, igxile kumsebenzi kunye nentuthuzelo ngelixa ibonisa uphawu olulodwa lwezixhobo ezibuyiselweyo.¹³.

Izixhobo ezibuyiselweyo zikwabonakaliswe kwindawo yokubonisa yaseGastown yenkampani yempahla yasekhaya ephezulu, iAvenue Road, iqaqambisa imfuno ekhulayo yokuhombisa i-eco-friendly kunye ne-upcycled.¹³. Lo mkhwa ubonakalisa uxabiso oluphangaleleyo lwembali, ukuqina, kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo zokhuni olubuyisiweyo kumbono woyilo lwangoku weVancouver.¹⁴. Uninzi lwabakhi kwiminyaka eyi-100+ eyadlulayo bathanda i-oki, i-douglas fir, kunye ne-redwood yemithi ebuyiselweyo, kwaye baphinde basebenzise le nkuni igcina imithombo yendalo, ikhokelela kuncinci. ngco liseko idalwe ngokuphepha unyango olongezelelweyo¹⁴.

Njengoko inani lemithi yehlabathi lehle malunga nama-50% ukusukela ekuqaleni kwempucuko yabantu, i ukubaluleka yokukhetha iimveliso ezilungele i-eco-friendly ezifana neenkuni ezibuyiselweyo ziye zacaca ngakumbi¹⁴. Ukutya nokuthuthwa kweenkuni ezibuyiselweyo kunempembelelo esezantsi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokwenza kunye nonyango olufunekayo kwiinkuni ezintsha.¹⁴.

“Amaplanga abuyiselweyo axatyiswa ngenxa yesimo sawo esikhethekileyo, ukuqina kwawo, kunye neengenelo zendalo. Abaqulunqi kunye nabaninimzi baye bakhula beyila ngokuyibandakanya kwizinto zangaphakathi zangoku, ukudibanisa ubuhle obudala kunye nolutsha. "

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo zokwakha ezisindisiweyo kubaluleke kakhulu xa zibandakanya kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezizinzileyo.¹⁵. Izikhokelo zohlolo olungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yoqinisekiso idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni imfezeko yezinto zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo.

Uvavanyo lwemathiriyeli egciniweyo lubandakanya inkqubo yokuhlola ebanzi. Iingcali zihlola ngononophelo ukuvakala kwesakhiwo, ubukho bezinto ezinobungozi (ezifana nepeyinti yelothe okanye iasbestos), kunye nemeko iyonke yezinto ezibuyisiweyo.¹⁶. Olu vavanyo lucokisekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba kuphela umgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhethiweyo ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe kulwakhiwo olutsha okanye iinzame zokulungisa.

Ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi umgangatho wezinto zokwakha ezisindisiweyo, imibutho emininzi iphuhlise imigangatho yoqinisekiso¹⁶. Le migangatho ichaza iikhrayitheriya ezithile ekufuneka imathiriyeli egciniweyo ihlangabezane nazo, kubandakanywa iimfuno ezinxulumene nentembeko yesakhiwo, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye neempawu zokusebenza.¹⁵. Ngokufumana isatifikethi, abakhi kunye nabanini zindlu banokuba nentembelo ekulufanelekeni nasekuthembekeni kwezinto ezibuyiselweyo abakhetha ukuzifaka kwiiprojekthi zabo zokwakha ezizinzileyo.

Uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye noqinisekiso lwezixhobo zokwakha ezisindisiweyo ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezixhobo zokwakha. Izixhobo zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo kwaye Izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo kushishino lokwakha eVancouver¹⁶. Ngokubeka phambili umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko, iingcali zinokuvula amandla apheleleyo Izibonelelo zoKwakha eziSindisiweyo, inegalelo kubume bemeko engqongileyo eyakhiweyo ekhathalela ngakumbi indalo esingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo¹⁵¹⁶¹⁷.

IVancouver inothungelwano olwandayo lwababoneleli abakhethekileyo I-Vancouver iRecycled kunye ne-Reclaimed Materials. Ezi ziquka ukuzinikela Izibonelelo zoKwakha eziSindisiweyo iyadi, Ukusindiswa kwezakhiwo iingcali, kunye nezinye iivenkile zobonelelo lwezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ezandisiweyo zaya kutsho kwimakethi yemathiriyeli ebuyisiweyo. Iimarike ezikwi-Intanethi kunye namaqela oluntu zikwaququzelela ukutshintshiselana ngemathiriyeli yokwakha egciniweyo, idala urhwebo olwahlukeneyo nolufikelelekayo kubo bobabini ababoneleli kunye nabathengi.

The⁹ uluhlu uluhlu 17 abathengisi salvage kummandla Vancouver, kunye 71% kubo ukwamkela iminikelo eziphathekayo⁹. Okubangela umdla kukuba, i-2 kuphela yaba bathengisi ibandakanya iidilesi zabo ze-imeyile kwiinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, ebonisa ithuba lokuphucula ukubandakanyeka kwabathengi. Olunye ungeniso oluphawulekayo Buck kaThixo Stove Palace kunye Antiques, ejongene nezifudumezi kunye nezitovu, ngelixa Uvulindlela Millworks isebenza ngedinga kuphela⁹. Uluhlu lukwabandakanya iiyadi zokuhlangula kwiindawo ezikufutshane, ezifana neOregon, Washington, kunye neHood River.

Ukusetyenziswa Izibonelelo zoKwakha eziSindisiweyo ingadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni inkunkuma ethunyelwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma. Ngokutsho kwe¹ Idatha, icandelo lokudilizwa, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokucoca umhlaba kwiMetro Vancouver lisathumela malunga ne-375,000 yeetoni zenkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ngonyaka, ikakhulu ibandakanya inkunkuma yeenkuni enokuthi ijikwe.¹. Ngokuwola I-Vancouver iRecycled kunye ne-Reclaimed Materials, sinokunceda ukubuyisela umva lo mkhwa kwaye sikhuthaze ikamva elizinzileyo kushishino lokwakha lwasekhaya.

"Iimveliso ezifunyenwe kubathengisi bezinto zokwakha ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zixabisa iqhezu lezinto ezintsha, kwaye ukulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubuyisela i-90% okanye ngaphantsi kutyalo-mali lwangaphambili, kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana nekhitshi okanye ukulungiswa kwebhafu akusoloko kubangela inzuzo xa ithengisiwe."

IVancouver ithathe inyathelo elisebenzayo ekukhuthazeni iindlela zokwakha ezizinzileyo, ukuphumeza uluhlu lwemithetho yokwakha eluhlaza kunye namanyathelo okuthotyelwa.¹⁸. Le migaqo ijolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yecandelo lokwakha, elibalelwa kwi-18% yokukhutshwa okupheleleyo kweCanada.¹⁸. Umthetho kamasipala wesixeko weGreen Demolition, umzekelo, ukhuthaza uhlaziyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwemathiriyeli yokwakha, ukususa inkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.

Ukuxhasa ngakumbi utshintsho olusingise kwindawo eyakhiwe ngokuluhlaza, urhulumente kamasipala uye wachaza izikhokelo ezibanzi zokonga umbane, amanzi. nokugcinwa, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma kulwakhiwo olutsha kunye nokulungiswa¹⁸. Ezi zikhokelo ziyilelwe ukunceda abaphuhlisi kunye nabaninimzi badibanise izenzo ezizinzileyo kwiiprojekthi zabo, igalelo kwinjongo ebanzi yesixeko yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokuphumeza i-net-zero ngo-2050.¹⁸.

Ecaleni kwale migaqo kamasipala, iVancouver ikwavumela iinkqubo zesatifikethi zomntu wesithathu ezifana ne-LEED (Ubunkokeli kuMandla kunye Uyilo lwendalo) ukumisela imigangatho ye izisombululo zokulungisa eziluhlaza, izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, yaye izixhobo zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo¹⁹. Ezi zicwangciso zezatifiketi zibonelela ngesakhelo kubaphuhlisi kunye nabanini zindlu ukuba balinganise uzinzo lweeprojekthi zabo, baqinisekise ukuba bayahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zesixeko zokusetyenziswa kombane ngokufanelekileyo, Ulawulo lwamanzi, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma.

Ukwamkelwa kwemithetho yokwakha eluhlaza kunye neenkqubo zoqinisekiso eVancouver kubangele umdla okhulayo kwi izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo kwaye izixhobo zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo, njengoko abaphuhlisi kunye nabaninimzi befuna ukuthobela ezi zikhokelo zivelayo¹⁹. Lo mkhwa awukhange ube negalelo nje kokungakumbi ulwakhiwo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo izenzo kodwa iye yavelisa izibonelelo zoqoqosho, kubandakanywa ukucuthwa kweendleko zokusebenza, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezindlu, kunye nokuyilwa kwezinto ezintsha imisebenzi eluhlaza¹⁹.

Njengoko isixeko siqhubeka ukubeka phambili Uphuhliso oluphathekayo, indibaniselwano ye izisombululo zokulungisa eziluhlaza, izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo, yaye izixhobo zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo kungena iiprojekthi zokwakha iya kubaluleka ngakumbi¹⁸¹⁹¹. Ngokuthobela le migaqo kunye nokwamkela amathuba avela ngokuyila iindlela zokwakha eziluhlaza, IVancouver ilungele ukukhokela indlela ekudaleni ngakumbi indawo eyakhiwe ezinzileyo ngekamva.

Ubume boyilo lwangaphakathi lweVancouver lufumana utshintsho olumangalisayo, kunye nogxininiso olukhulayo lokuzinza kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezibuyiselweyo.²⁰. Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuzibophelela kwesixeko kubomi bendalo kunye nomnqweno wokufaka amakhaya ngobuntu obukhethekileyo kunye nesibheno esingaphelelwa lixesha.²¹.

Omnye umkhwa obalaseleyo kukusetyenziswa kwe Ifanitshala yoMthi ebuyiselweyo, edibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo i-chic ye-industrial kunye ne-rustic aesthetics yanamhlanje. Abaqulunqi baphinda baphinda basebenzise amaplanga agciniweyo, ukusuka kwimigangatho yokhuni ebuyiselweyo ukuya kwiitafile zekofu, ukudala iindawo ezigxile ekubhiyozeleni ubuhle bendalo kunye nembali yezixhobo.²⁰. Ezi ziqwenga azigcini nje ukongeza umdla obonakalayo kodwa zinegalelo kwimvakalelo yokufudumala kunye nokunyaniseka kwiindawo zokuhlala²².

Ecaleni kokuwola kwe Ifanitshala yoMthi ebuyiselweyo, ukuthandwa kwe Izinto eziBhayisiweyo iyanda. Abaqulunqi bezinto ezintsha bafumana iindlela zokuyila zokuphefumula ubomi obutsha kwizinto ezilahliweyo, ukuziguqula zibe yifenitshala yohlobo olulodwa kunye neempawu zokuhombisa. Ukusuka kwiingcango ezenziwe ngokutsha zibe ziitafile ukuya kwiglasi egciniweyo esetyenziselwa ukubetha izibane ezikhanyayo, ezi I-Eco-Friendly Home Decor Izisombululo zibonisa ukuzinikela kwesixeko kuyilo oluzinzileyo²⁰.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zendalo, ezifana ilitye kwaye Rattan / Wicker ifenitshala, yomeleza ngakumbi indlela eya I-Eco-Friendly Home Decor eVancouver. Ezi mathiriyeli azikhuphi nje ubuhle obungaphelelwa lixesha kodwa zikwanegalelo kwimvisiswano, i-ambiance ephefumlelwe yindalo, ebonisa uqhagamshelo olunzulu lwesixeko kwindawo enkulu yangaphandle.²⁰.

Ecaleni kokwamkelwa kwezinto ezibuyisiweyo kunye nezizinzileyo, indawo yoyilo yeVancouver ikwangqina ukunyuka kobuchwepheshe basekhaya kunye neendawo zokuhlala eziguqukayo.²⁰²². Ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezidibeneyo ezizisebenzelayo zasekhaya ukuya kumagumbi anemisebenzi emininzi, ezi zisombululo zoyilo oluyilayo zibonelela ngeemfuno eziguqukayo kunye nendlela yokuphila yabaninimzi baseVancouver, ukudibanisa ngokungenamthungo ifom kunye nomsebenzi.²⁰.

Njengoko iVancouver iqhubeka nokukhokela kuyilo oluzinzileyo, ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezibuyiselweyo, ukuphuculwa kokuyila, kunye nezinto eziphefumlelweyo zendalo zilungele ukubumba ikamva lendawo yangaphakathi yesixeko, ukudala iindawo zokuhlala ezimemayo, eco-conscious, kunye nethekhinoloji ephezulu.²¹²².

“Uyilo oluzinzileyo alulotyekelo nje; yindlela yobomi eVancouver. Abaninimzi bayakwamkela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezibuyisiweyo kunye nefanitshala ebuyiselweyo ukuze benze iindawo zokuhlala ezikhethekileyo, ezilungele indalo ezibonisa amaxabiso abo kwaye ziwadibanise nendalo.

– uMyili weNdawo wangaphakathi²¹,

Xa kuziwa kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, uthelekiso lweendleko phakathi kwezixhobo zokwakha ezitsha kunye nezaphinda zisetyenziswe zinokuba nzima. Ekuqaleni, ezinye izinto ezibuyiselweyo zinokuthwala ithegi yexabiso eliphezulu ngenxa yomsebenzi obandakanyekayo ekuhlanguleni nasekulungiseleleni.²³. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezisemgangathweni ezihlaziyiweyo, ngakumbi iinkuni ezinqabileyo okanye ezindala, zinokubonelela ngexabiso lexesha elide.²³.

Iingenelo zexesha elide zokusebenzisa imathiriyeli yokwakha ehlaziyiweyo ibandakanya ukomelela okongeziweyo, umtsalane wobuhle obukhethekileyo, kunye nokonga amandla okunokubakho xa kudityaniswa kuyilo olusebenzayo.²³. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko ekugqibeleni kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwemathiriyeli, isikali seprojekthi, kunye neemfuno zofakelo.

Izinto zokwakha eziphinda zisetyenziswe zihlala zinexabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa noogxa bazo abanyulu, njengoko iimfuno zokusetyenzwa ziqhele ukuncitshiswa.²³. Oku kunokutolika ukonga okubalulekileyo, ngakumbi xa usebenza ngezinto ezifana nentsimbi, ikhonkrithi kunye neglasi²³.

Ngelixa utyalo-mali lwangaphambili lunokuba phezulu kancinci kwezinye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ixabiso lexesha elide ababonelela ngalo linokubenza ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu.²³. Izinto ezinjengokonyuka kokuqina, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nomlinganiswa owahlukileyo kunokuba negalelo kwindleko esebenzayo yemathiriyeli yokwakha ephinda isetyenziswe.²³.

Ukongeza, izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo zokusebenzisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana nenkunkuma encitshisiweyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, kunokuba nefuthe elihle ekuzinzeni kweprojekthi kwaye kunokwandisa ukuthengiswa kwayo.²⁴.

Njengoko ishishini lokwakha liqhubeka nokwamkela iindlela ezizinzileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ezihlaziyiweyo kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi.²⁴. Ngemigaqo eguqukayo, iziqinisekiso, kunye nezisombululo zezinto ezintsha, uhlalutyo lweendleko phakathi kwezinto ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezibuyiselweyo ziyatshintsha zixhasa le yokugqibela, ibonelela ngezibonelelo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.²³²⁴.

IVancouver inecandelo elikhulayo leengcaphephe ezigxile ekuhlanguleni nasekufakeni izixhobo ezibuyiselweyo. Ezi Iingcali ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqu yesixeko ukuya Izisombululo zoLungiso loHlaza kunye nokwamkelwa kwe Izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo²⁵.

Iingcali zeSalvage zinobuchule ekuchongeni okuxabisekileyo Ukusindiswa kwezakhiwo ngexesha leeprojekthi zokudilizwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ziyafunyanwa endaweni yokuba zithunyelwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma²⁵. Amagcisa anobuchule anokuthi ke abuyisele kwaye aphinde asebenzise ezi zinto zisindisiweyo, azinike ubomi obutsha kuyilo nolwakhiwo lwangoku.²⁵.

Iifemu ezininzi zasekhaya zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezibanzi, ezikhokela abathengi kuyo yonke inkqubo - ukusuka kwi-salvage ukuya kuyilo kunye nokufakwa. Le ndlela yokusebenzela ibandakanya imfuno ekhulayo yeendlela ezizinzileyo zokwakha, ivumela abanini-zindlu kunye nabaphuhlisi ukuba badibanise ngaphandle komthungo izixhobo ezibuyiselweyo kwizinto zabo. Izisombululo zoLungiso loHlaza²⁵²⁶.

Ezi ngcali zibalulekile ekuxhaseni utshintsho lweVancouver ukuya kwelinye ezizinzileyo kwaye ukukhathalela indalo ishishini lolwakhiwo, olukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe Iimathiriyeli eziRecycled kunye neBango kwakhona kunye negalelo lesixeko Izisombululo zoLungiso loHlaza²⁵²⁶²⁷.

Ikamva lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyiselweyo kwishishini lokwakha eVancouver lijongeka liqaqambile. Ngokukhula ulwazi ngendalo kunye nemithetho engqongqo yolawulo lwenkunkuma, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokwakha ezibuyiselweyo kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke kwiminyaka ezayo²⁸. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha ekusetyenzweni kwemathiriyeli kunye noyilo kunokwenzeka ukuba kwandise uluhlu lwezinto zokwakha ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, kudala amathuba amatsha ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo izenzo²⁸.

Njengoko imfuno izisombululo zokulungisa eziluhlaza iyenyuka, imarike ye I-Vancouver iRecycled kunye ne-Reclaimed Materials ilindele ukwanda okubonakalayo. Ushishino lukwaqhubela kwiindlela ezisebenzayo zokwakhiwa ukuze kwandiswe ukubuyiswa kwezinto kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma²⁸. Olu tshintsho lusingise kwiZixhobo zoKwakha eziZinzileyo luqhutywa zizo zombini iimfuneko zolawulo kunye nokukhethwa kwabathengi kulwakhiwo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo.

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba ukwamkelwa kwe uyilo lwesakhiwo esiluhlaza eVancouver kukhokelele ekunyukeni kweenkampani ezilungele i-eco-friendly kunye nemisebenzi eluhlaza kwicandelo lokwakha²⁹. Iiprojekthi ezizinzileyo zeofisi kunye neendawo zokuhlala ngoku zibeka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ulondolozo lwamanzi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifunyenwe ekuhlaleni okanye ezisetyenzisiweyo ukucutha ifuthe lazo lokusingqongileyo.²⁹.

“Ukubambelela ngokuqinileyo imigangatho yokwakha eluhlaza eVancouver iqinisekisa ukuba iiprojekthi zizisa iingenelo zexesha elide kokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu, ukujongana nemingeni ekhoyo ngoku yendalo kunye nokukhuthaza ikamva elizinzileyo.²⁹

Njengoko inyathelo elisingise kuqoqosho lwe-net-zero lizuza amandla, indima yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyiselweyo kushishino lolwakhiwo lwaseVancouver imiselwe ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu.²⁹. Ukusetyenzwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nezisombululo zoyilo oluzinzileyo ziya kuqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili ukukhula kweli candelo, libekwe njengelona galelo liphambili kwiinjongo zendalo esingqongileyo zesixeko.

Umkhwa wokusebenzisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezibuyisiweyo kushishino lolwakhiwo lwaseVancouver ubonisa utshintsho olubanzi olusingise kuzinzo. Ukusuka kwizibonelelo zokusingqongileyo ukuya kuyilo olulodwa olunokwenzeka, ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi³⁰. Njengoko imarike ikhula, iinkqubo eziphuculweyo zokusindisa, uvavanyo lomgangatho, kunye nokudibanisa kwiiprojekthi ezintsha ziyavela. Ngelixa imiceli mngeni isekho, ukukhula kokwamkelwa kwemathiriyeli ebuyiselweyo kubonisa inyathelo elilungileyo elisingise kokungaphezulu uphuhliso lwedolophu oluzinzileyo eVancouver.

Ubalo lubonisa ukuba isixeko senze inkqubela ebonakalayo ekunciphiseni inkunkuma, ngokuhla nge-23% yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo ukusuka ngowama-2008 ukuya ku-2016.³¹. Olu nciphiso luqhutywe ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo, kubandakanywa ukuqokelelwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuphambuka kokutya kwe-scrap yecandelo labucala, kunye noxanduva olwandisiweyo lomvelisi (EPR) wephepha eliprintiweyo kunye nokupakishwa (PPP) kunye nenkunkuma ye-elektroniki (i-e-waste)³¹. Utshintsho oluthe chu lweshishini lolwakhiwo ekusetyenzisweni kwemathiriyeli ehlaziyiweyo, nangona i-BC yoMphathiswa wezoThutho ekhetha i-aggregate ye-virgin, bubungqina bokuzibophelela kweshishini kuzinzo.

Njengoko imfuno yemisebenzi yokwakha ezinzileyo eVancouver iqhubeka nokukhula, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezibuyiselweyo kuya kubaluleka ngakumbi. Ezi zixhobo aziboneleli kuphela ngeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kodwa kunye namathuba oyilo awodwa, iingenelo zoqoqosho, kunye namandla okugcina isimilo samakhaya elifa. Ngomgangatho wovavanyo oluphuculweyo, imigangatho yoqinisekiso, kunye nothungelwano olukhulayo lwababoneleli bendawo kunye neeyadi zokusindisa, ikamva lezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kushishino lokwakha eVancouver lijongeka lithembisa.

1. PDF - https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/Green-Home-Salvage-and-Reuse.pdf
2. Isikhokelo soYilo lweziSeko ezinguNdoqo kunye neZakhiwo zeMetro Vancouver- https://metrovancouver.org/services/air-quality-climate-action/Documents/sustainable-infrastructure-buildings-design-guide.pdf
3. Ukwakhiwa kwesixeko: Ukwakhiwa kunye noqoqosho olusetyhula eVancouver - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9511238/
4. IiNdlela eziPhambili kwiiNdlela zoKwakha eziZinzileyo kwiiProjekthi zaseKhanada- https://www.lafarge.ca/en/key-trends-sustainable-building-practices-canadian-projects
5. Amathuba eSetyhula yoMthi kuLwakhiwo, uHlaziyo kunye nokudilizwa eCanada - https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/conservation/sustainability/circular-economy/workshop-report-opportunities-circularity-wood-construction-renovation-demolition.html
6. Inkqubo entsha yeSiqithi seVancouver ijolise ekujikeni 'inkunkuma' yokwakha ibe 'bubutyebi' - https://www.biv.com/news/real-estate/new-vancouver-island-program-aims-to-turn-construction-trash-into-treasure-9613949
7. Izinto zokwakha ezikuHlaza kumakhaya eVancouver- https://www.nicons.ca/blog/top-green-building-materials-for-vancouver-homes
8. Izixhobo zokwakha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zazo | IVancouver Grand Construction Inc - https://vangrandcon.com/environmentally-friendly-building-materials-and-their-advantages/
9. Abathengisi beSalvage kwingingqi yemetro yasePortland - https://www.portland.gov/bps/garbage-recycling/decon/salvage-retailers
10. Izinto zokwakha ezikuHlaza | Ukudilizwa kwe-BC Green - https://www.bcgreendemolition.ca/blog/recycled-green-building-materials/
11. PDF - https://www.vancouverheritagefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/VHF-GreenGuide-webbook.pdf
12. IiProjekthi zethu zokuLungisa iKhaya laseVancouver-iQela leSakhiwo soNxweme olusezantsi- https://lowercoast.com/our-vancouver-home-renovation-projects
13. Umphambili weKhaya: Ukubuyisela imbali yeVancouver ngefanitshala kunye noyilo lwangaphakathi- https://vancouversun.com/business/local-business/the-home-front-reclaiming-vancouvers-history-through-furniture-and-interior-design
14. UBuyiselwa bubuhle beNdalo yeWood kunye ne-Eco-Friendly | IVenkile yoMgangatho we-Eco- https://ecofloorstore.ca/2017/12/beauty-and-benefits-of-reclaimed-wood/
15. PDF - https://delphi.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/CD-Waste-Diversion-in-Canada-Exec-Summary-Report-Sep-2024.pdf
16. UkuBuyiswa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwakhona kweeMveliso eziSindisiweyo kunye neZixhobo zoKwakha ezivela kuLwakhiwo olukhoyo- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-73490-8_5
17. PDF - http://www.unece.lsu.edu/greenbuilding/documents/2015Mar/gb15-16.pdf
18. EKhanada Izakhiwo eziluhlaza Isicwangciso-qhinga: Ukuguqula icandelo lezakhiwo zaseKhanada ukwenzela ikamva elingenaziro kunye nelomeleleyo – https://natural-resources.canada.ca/transparency/reporting-and-accountability/plans-and-performance-reports/departmental-strategies/the-canada-green-buildings-strategy-transforming-canadas-buildings-sector-for-net-zer/26065
19. PDF - https://www.wcel.org/sites/default/files/publications/TheGreenBuildingsGuide.pdf
20. Iindlela eziPhezulu zoyilo lwangaphakathi kuMakhaya eSiko eVancouver- https://www.nicons.ca/blog/top-interior-design-trends
21. Uyilo oluphambili olu-5 oluTshimelayo lwaNgaphakathi eVancouver 2024- https://www.bellastaging.ca/blogs/news/br-top-5-trending-interior-designs-in-vancouver-2024?srsltid=AfmBOooUj_6lnOq8OjNRFa1C6qt_drZY02lm9TXpFirRhpxi0LEphPHQ
22. Iindlela ezili-10 eziphambili zoyilo lwangaphakathi eVancouver, eCanada- https://jdelite.decoratingden.com/top-interior-design-trends-vancouver-canada/
23. ISikhokelo sokugqibela seZixhobo zoKwakha eziRecycled: Izibonelelo, Iintlobo, kunye Ukuphunyezwa kwiSakhiwo sanamhlanje - https://ugreen.io/the-ultimate-guide-to-recycled-construction-materials-benefits-types-and-implementation-in-modern-building/
24. Ukudiliza izakhiwo yinkcitho. Kukho enye indlela: deconstruction | Iindaba ze-CBC- https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/deconstruction-explainer-1.7383516
25. Iinkonzo Salvage e Vancouver | I-Assertive Demolition Ltd- https://www.assertivedemo.com/salvage
26. Ezona zixhobo zokwakha ziBalaseleyo ePortland – http://www.improvementremodelingllc.com/blog/portland_s_best_reclaimed_building_materials.en
27. | IMetro Vancouver- https://metrovancouver.org/services/solid-waste/construction-demolition-waste-reduction-toolkit
28. Ukwakha iKamva eliLihlaza: IZibonelelo eziphezulu zokuRecycling iziXhobo zoKwakha eVancouver, BC — Ukudilizwa kweWasteWise – https://www.wastewisedemolition.ca/blog/building-a-greener-future-top-facilities-for-recycling-construction-materials-in-vancouver-bc
29. Uyilo oluzinzileyo kunye neendlela zoyilo: Ubunkokeli beVancouver kuyilo lwesakhiwo esiluhlaza - https://www.mmoser.com/offices/vancouver/ideas/sustainable-architecture-and-design-vancouver/
30. Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo- https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/52966/1.0103555/2
31. Ingxelo - Zero Waste 2040: 2018 May 16 - https://council.vancouver.ca/20180516/documents/pspc2a.pdf