Abakhi bezindlu abaphambili abangasebenziyo eSpain
Abakhi bezindlu abaphambili abangasebenziyo eSpain
Speyin inenani elikhulayo le Indlu engacacanga abakhi, ukusuka kwiinkampani ezikhethekileyo ukuya ukwakhiwa iinkampani ezibonelela ngezindlu ezingasebenziyo kunye izakhiwo njengenye yeenkonzo zabo, kubayili bezakhiwo abathi uyilo kwaye bakhe kunye namaqabane abo abawakhethileyo.
“Njengoko ihlobo litshisa kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zaseSpain, ukukwazi ukuhlala endlwini engenzi nto kuyinto enqwenelekayo kunangaphambili.” UJackie De Burca
Iindlu zokuhlala zaseSpain ezifunekayo ehlotyeni elishushu
Fumanisa ibali elinembali enomdla kwishishini lentsimbi, elihlala namhlanje kwisakhiwo sePassive House esona sikhulu ehlabathini, kunye neeyunithi ezilungiselelwe ukuhlala umntu ngamnye okanye iindawo zokuphumla kunye neendibano zamaqela. Phakathi, sinemizekelo eyahlukeneyo yabakhi bePassive House abanomdla kunye neeprojekthi zabo ezijikeleze iSpain.
Abakhi bezindlu abangasebenziyo eSpain i-Eco Vida
Iinkampani ezikhethekileyo ezifana neWoodville (ezakhelwe ngaphambili) kunye nabayili bezakhiwo eLeukos Architecture ukuya enkulu ababhekisi ukudala iintsapho ezininzi eziqinisekisiweyo izindlu zoluntu, kunye nabadlali ababalulekileyo kuquka iPlataforma Edificación Passivhaus (PEP), kunye neenkampani ezifana Izindlu ze-Eco Vida ukuncedisa ekwakheni izinto ezintsonkothileyo, ukugxila kwi-super-insulation, ukungabi namoya, kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-solar PV, ezihlala zibonakala kwiiprojekthi ezintsha eZaragoza, eMadrid, naseBalearics.
Isiqulatho
Abakhi bezindlu ezingundoqo zaseSpain kunye nabayili bezakhiwo:
IWoodville: inika i-prepared, i-established, ne-low impact passive izindlu eSpain.
Ii-VArquitectos: wayila isakhiwo sePassivehaus esona sikhulu ehlabathini – iiBolueta Towers eBilbao, eguqula isicwangciso soshishino lwentsimbi saba yindlu yokuhlala yoluntu.
Uyilo lweLeukos: yinkampani yabayili bezakhiwo abaqinisekisiweyo abagxile kwi uyilo Izakhiwo eziqinisekisiweyo zePassivhaus.
Izindlu ze-Eco Vida: igxile ekwakheni okuzinzileyo, kuquka nemigaqo engasetyenziswayo, nokuba kumhlaba wasemaphandleni onzima.
UDuque noZamora: igxile kuyilo olubuthathaka: izakhiwo ezisabela kwindawo (ilanga, umoya, izityalo, imbonakalo, imbonakalo yomhlaba) kwaye zijolise ekuthuthuzeleni + impilo ngaphakathi endlwini, kungekuphela nje iindleko eziphantsi.
Izakhiwo Ezizinzileyo zePraxis: yi Zobunjineli kunye noqeqesho lokubonisana. Namaqabane abo, banceda ekudaleni izakhiwo ezisempilweni, ezingenayo i-carbon eninzi, ezisebenza kakuhle, nezikhululekileyo ezinemigangatho emihle kakhulu umgangatho womoya kwaye phantse ibe yi-zero ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eziqhubeka nokusebenza phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu
Ii-VArquitectos
I-VArquitectos yindlela yokwakha nobunjineli ehlala ikufutshane necala "lokwenyani" lokwakha: ukukhokela abathengi ukusuka kwingcamango yokuqala ukuya kucwangciso, ukunikezelwa kobuchwephesha, kunye (xa kuyimfuneko) nolawulo olupheleleyo lweprojekthi.
isakhiwo sendlu esingasebenziyo eSpain, ngoncedo lweVArquitectos
Badibanisa irekhodi lestudiyo elide kunye nobuchule obusebenzayo kuyilo olusebenzayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwePassivhaus kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo—umsebenzi obabeke emva kwezinye zezicwangciso zokuqala zePassive House zaseSpain.
Iinqaba zeBolueta
Eyona ngxelo yabo yaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela yi #361 Bolueta (Bolueta Tower / Bolueta Towers) eBilbao: uphuhliso lwezindlu zoluntu ezingama-361 olunikezelwa njengezakhiwo ezibini—enye inezitezi ezingama-28 ezinezindlu ezili-171 kunye neyesibini enezitezi ezingama-21 ezinezindlu ezili-190. I-VArquitectos iphumelele ukhuphiswano lwezakhiwo ezimbini zokuqala ngo-2012, kwaye umthengi emva koko wanyanzelisa utshintsho oluncinci ekusebenzeni kwamandla, okwakhokelela ekubeni kutshintshelwe kumgangatho wePassivhaus.
IiBolueta Towers ngenceba yeVArquitectos
Okwenza inxalenye "yenqaba" iphawuleke ngakumbi kukuba yafika ePassivhaus ngomlinganiselo ophezulu wokwenene: inqaba yokuqala yafikelela malunga neemitha ezingama-88 yaza yaba (ngexesha lokuqinisekiswa) isakhiwo esiphakamileyo esiqinisekisiweyo sePassivhaus. Ibali lobuchwephesha lelePassivhaus eliqhelekileyo—kodwa lenziwe ngobuchule obuphezulu: i-envelope ephucukileyo, ulawulo olunamandla lwebhulorho yobushushu, iifestile ezisebenza kakuhle, kunye nolwakhiwo olungangeni moya oludibene noomatshini. umoya ngokubuyiselwa kobushushu (iqela leprojekthi liqaphela ukusebenza kokubuyiselwa kobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%).
Kwaye nantsi ke imbonakalo. I-VArquitectos ixhomekeke kwimemori yezimboni yaseBolueta—amalahle kunye nentsimbi ecaleni kweNervión—isebenzisa i-façade yeephaneli ze-aluminium ezidityaniswe ngendlela “eyaphukileyo” ngabom. Ifundeka ngathi ayihambelani ukusuka kude, kodwa ilawulwa ziindlela ezithe nkqo ukuze ivolumu enkulu ingavakali ngathi yi-slab enye ecacileyo kwi-skyline.
Woodville
UWahbi ngenceba kaWoodville
Zibone wena nabantu obathandayo nikwikhaya elizinzileyo elijikelezwe indalo.
IWoodville izimisa ngokwendawo ethi “IiKhaya Ezihlala Kakuhle”: iindawo zokuhlala ezenziwe ngomthi ezilungiselelwe intuthuzelo kwindalo, zigxile kakhulu kubomi obungenamandla aneleyo kunye nobuhlobo obuzolileyo nobucocekileyo ngaphakathi. Ingcinga ephambili ilula—iimodyuli ezakhiwe ngumzi-mveliso ezifika ngokukhawuleza, zinyuke ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zivakala ngathi zizakhiwo ezifanelekileyo kunokuba “ziikhabhini zexeshana”.
Sustainability kwaye ukusebenza yinxalenye enkulu yepitch: imithi evela kwi-certified amahlathi, ingcinga ekhokelwa yiPassivhaus, kunye neendlela zokuzikhethela ezinokukhokelela ekuzimeleni (umbane, amanzi kunye neenkqubo zenkunkuma).
Yongeza iiphaneli zokukhusela ulwakhiwo, design biophilic ii-cues, kunye nolusu lwangaphandle lwesinyithi olukhuselayo olwenzelwe ukugcina isakhiwo somthi sisebenza kakuhle ngokuhamba kwexesha.
UWahbi ngenceba kaWoodville
Iimodeli zeWoodville Prefab Passivehouse
Uluhlu lweWoodville luhlelwe ngokweentsapho ezimbini: i-wahbi (incinci ngakumbi, amandla “okuhlala/okwamkela iindwendwe”) kunye ne-mohma (umthamo omkhulu, iindawo ezinde, kunye nokuguquguquka okungakumbi “kwekhaya eliphambili/ukuhlala ixesha elide”).
Iimodeli zeWahbi (ezincinci / ezisemgangathweni / eziprimiyamu)
Cinga nge-wahbi njengomgca osebenzayo-owobunewunewu—uyilo olulula, olukhawulezayo ukusetyenzwa, olulungele iiholide zendalo, iiyunithi zeendwendwe, okanye indawo yesibini encinci ngabom.
I-wahbi Compact (ukusuka kwi-€35,800)
Indawo yokuhlala: 24.18 m²
Ubukhulu: 6.2 mx 3.9 mx 3.1 m
Isikhundla: abantu abangama-2
Imo entle, ecocekileyo, efana negumbi lehotele: incinci, icocekile, kwaye ingenazinto zininzi ngabom.
I-wahbi Standard
Indawo yokuhlala: 34.1 m²
Ubukhulu: 8.8 mx 3.9 mx 3.1 m
Umthamo: Abantu abayi-2–4
I-wahbi Standard ngobubele bukaWoodville
Indawo yokuphefumla engakumbi ngelixa uhlala ulula kwaye ulula—ubomi obulula, akukho ngxaki.
I-wahbi Premium (ukusuka kwi-€45,100)
Indawo yokuhlala: 43.9 m²
Ubukhulu: 11.2 mx 3.9 mx 3.1 m
Umthamo: Abantu abayi-4–8
Yakhelwe ukuguquguquka—indawo engakumbi, ukhetho olungakumbi, kwaye kulula ukuyikhulisa kwizicwangciso ezinkulu.
Iimodeli zeMohma (ezincinci / ezisemgangathweni / eziprimiyamu)
I-mohma yingcamango ebanzi ngakumbi—ubukhulu bangaphakathi obude kunye nemvakalelo "yokuhlala kakuhle". Ezi zifana nezindlu zokuphumla apho unokuhlala khona ixesha elide, wamkele abantu, kwaye ugcine loo moya upholileyo, ulungelelanise ingqondo yakho.
iMohma Compact (ukusuka kwi-€55,000)
Indawo yokuhlala: 20.4 m²
Ubukhulu: 5.1 mx 4 mx 4.6 m
Umthamo: Abantu abayi-2–4
Unyawo oluncinci olunendawo enkulu ngenxa yokuphakama.
I-mohma Standard (ukusuka kwi-€68,000)
Indawo yokuhlala: 32.8 m²
Ubukhulu: 8.2 mx 4 mx 4.6 m
Umthamo: Abantu abayi-4–6
Indawo ephakathi eguquguqukayo—elungelelaniswe ngakumbi neentsapho, iindwendwe, okanye ukuhlala ixesha elide.
iPremium ye-mohma (ukusuka kwi-€79,500)
Indawo yokuhlala: 45.0 m²
Ubukhulu: 11.2 mx 4 mx 4.6 m
Umthamo: Abantu abayi-6–8
Yenzelwe indawo yokuhlala enkulu—indawo eyongezelelweyo yeendwendwe, umsebenzi, ukucotha kwasekuseni, kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuphumla.
Qaphela: amaxabiso adweliswe njengamanani "avela", kwaye irhafu ayifakwanga.
Izindlu ze-Eco Vida
I-Eco Vida Homes yisitudiyo soyilo nokwakha esisebenza kulo lonke elaseSpain, esaziwa kakhulu ngokunceda abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba benze ii-villa zanamhlanje, ezisebenzisa umbane kakuhle ngaphandle kweengxaki "zokwakha kwamanye amazwe" eziqhelekileyo.
Inkqubo yendlu eyakhiwe kwangaphambili eyenziwe ngemodeli ngenxa ye-Eco Vida Homes
Badibanisa uyilo lwezakhiwo, ukunikezelwa kwemisebenzi yobugcisa, kunye nolawulo lweeprojekthi oluqhutywa ngesandla, begxininisa kakhulu kunxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nokugcina uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye namaxesha amiselweyo phantsi kolawulo.
Bakwabhekisa kwimithetho yobungcali esebenzisa iRoyal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) njengenxalenye yesiqinisekiso abasinika abathengi.
Ingqwalasela yeprojekthi: Ikhaya lamaphupha likaNaiara noSimon eMadrid
Esi sakhiwo saseMadrid ngumzekelo omhle we-Eco Vida Homes esebenza nomthengi osele eyazi le shishini. Abanini bezindlu nguNaiara Vegara (umyili wezakhiwo ozalelwe eMadrid) kunye nomyeni wakhe, uSimon Mawdsley, abakha eFuente del Fresno, kumntla-mpuma weMadrid.
Iivillas ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili eSpain – ngenxa ye-Eco Vida Homes
Nangona babenemvelaphi kaNaiara, babefuna uqiniseko malunga nokuba umhlaba uza kusetyenziswa na, imida yocwangciso, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olusebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba bazibophelele ngokupheleleyo—ngoko ke i-Eco Vida Homes yangenelela ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kwisiza, yajongana noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, kunye nomzekelo wohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukuxhasa isigqibo.
Ngokoyilo, iNaiara ibeke i-brief enesibindi, enokuhlala kuyo: ukukhanya, ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunye "nendawo engenanto," enendawo yokuhlala evulekileyo, ukugqitywa komntu, kunye noqhagamshelwano oluqinileyo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle (kuquka ithala elinomthunzi kunye nodonga lweglasi olurhoxayo oluvula ikhaya ukuya egadini).
Ngobubele be-Eco Vida Homes
Indima ye-Eco Vida Homes yayikukuguqula loo ngcamango ibe yinto yokwenyani eyakhayo—imizobo yobugcisa/yokusebenza, izicelo zeelayisenisi, ukuthobela imithetho kunye ne-bureaucracy, kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lweprojekthi kunye neendawo zokujonga ezicwangcisiweyo zenyanga (kubandakanya ukulandelwa kwenkqubela phambili kunye novavanyo olucwangcisiweyo).
Apho iba nomdla kakhulu kukusebenza. IMadrid itshintshatshintsha kakhulu phakathi kokubanda kwasebusika kunye nobushushu basehlotyeni, ngoko ke le projekthi ixhomekeke kwimigaqo yePassive House (ngaphandle kokusukela isiqinisekiso): ukujongwa kwelanga, ukuzimisela. ukuxhoma, ukungabi namoya, kunye nokungenisa umoya ngoomatshini kunye nokubuyisela ubushushu.
Yongeza ukufudumeza/ukupholisa phantsi komgangatho, iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic, kunye nepompo yobushushu, kwaye injongo kukuba kubekho intuthuzelo “ephantse ingabikho”—amaqondo obushushu azinzileyo kunye nomoya ococekileyo ohluziweyo, ngaphandle kokuba indlu iziva ivaliwe kwindawo yokuhlala yangaphandle.
UDuque noZamora
Indlu yoNxibelelwano
Ngobubele bukaDuque noZamora
I-Duque kunye neZamora yisitudiyo saseSpain esasekwa ngo-2009 ngu-Alicia Zamora kunye no-Iván G. Duque. Yonke into yabo yizakhiwo ezibuthathaka: izakhiwo ezisabela kwindawo (ilanga, umoya, izityalo, imbonakalo, imbonakalo yomhlaba) kwaye zijolise ekuthuthuzeleni + kwimpilo yangaphakathi, kungekhona nje ekunciphiseni iindleko.
Ngokwenyani, basebenza kwindawo apho iintsika ezintathu zihlangana khona: uyilo lwe-bioclimatic, umgangatho wePassivhaus, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezinto eziphilayo (izinto ezingasebenzi kakuhle nezisempilweni).
Yiyo loo nto uninzi lweeprojekthi zabo zingapheleli nje “ekusebenzeni kakuhle” ephepheni—zenzelwe ukuba zizive zizolile, zizinzile, kwaye ziphefumle kakuhle ebomini bokwenyani.
Injongo yeprojekthi: Casa EntreEncinas
Nantsi umzekelo omhle womsebenzi wabo:
ICasa Entreencinas ngenceba kaDuque noZamora
Indlu EntreEncinas yenye yezo projekthi ezivakala zizolile xa uyijonga. Le propati ibukeka ibekwe kakuhle kwindawo yayo indawo.
Ihlala ngaphakathi IVillanueva de Pría eAsturias, kwisiza esithe tyaba esine-oki imithiEndaweni yokwenza intshukumo eqhelekileyo yabaphuhlisi (yenza indawo ibe tyaba, ulwe nombono wendalo, wenze ngathi imithi ayibalulekanga), uDuque noZamora bajonga into esele ikho.
Indlu icwangciswe ngendlela yokuba inxalenye yayo ingene kwithambeka, kunye nomthamo omncinci onezitezi ezimbini ngaphezulu. Oko kwenza izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye: kugcina isakhiwo sibonakala sizolile xa sijonge umhlaba, kwaye kunceda ukusebenza kuba unciphisa inani lendlu elichatshazelwa ngumoya nokubanda.
"Le ndlu yakhiwe ngokwemigaqo ye-bioclimatic, isiphumo sokufuna indawo yokuhlala ezimeleyo enoyilo oludibanisa, kwelinye icala, ukusebenza kwamandla iingcamango zomgangatho wePassivhaus, kwaye kwelinye icala, uyilo lwe-bioclimatic, oluqinisekisa isakhiwo esiphantse singabi namandla, kunye nemigaqo yokwakhiwa kwe-bioclimatic, efuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokwakha ezinexabiso eliphantsi. ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo.” UDuque noZamora
Le studio inendlela ecacileyo yokusebenza: sebenzisa imozulu ngokufanelekileyo, yakha ngokwemigangatho yokusebenza elinganisekayo, kwaye uthathe izinto nzulu — kungekuphela nje ngenxa yekhabhoni, kodwa nangenxa yempilo yangaphakathi. I-Casa EntreEncinas ngumzekelo ococekileyo wazo zontathu.
ICasa Entreencinas ngenceba kaDuque noZamora
Ukuba ukhe wachitha ixesha kumantla eSpain, uya kwazi ukuba igalari yemveli enemibala eqaqambileyo yinto yokwenyani — ayilokhetho lwesitayile, yimpendulo yemozulu. Apha, babuyisela loo ngcinga, kodwa bayisebenzisa njengesixhobo.
Ngasemazantsi omgangatho ophezulu, kukho igalari epheleleyo esebenza njenge-buffer yexesha lonyaka. Ebusika inokuqokelela ilanga kwaye isuse umphetho ekubandeni. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla iba yindawo yokuhlala eyongezelelweyo. Ehlotyeni, xa ivuliwe kwaye ingeniswe umoya ngokufanelekileyo, iyatshintsha kwakhona - ifana nomphetho onomthunzi endlwini kunebhokisi yeglasi evaliweyo.
Le yenye yezo ntshukumo zibonakala zilula, kodwa yenza okuninzi. Ikwasisikhumbuzo esihle sokuba "uyilo oluzinzileyo" alusoloko luthetha ukusungula into entsha. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthetha ukusebenzisa oko abantu sele bekwazile ukukuqonda ekuhlaleni - kuphela ngeenkcukacha ezingcono kunye nokusebenza okungcono.
Ukusebenza kwePassivhaus, ngaphandle kokuziva okungaqhelekanga okungeyongozi
Indlu yenzelwe amanqanaba okusebenza kakuhle kwePassivhaus, oko kuthetha ukuba isakhiwo sakhiwe ngokujikeleza ubushushu obuqinileyo, umoya ongenamoya omninzi, kunye neglasi ekhethiweyo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu. Isithembiso esisisiseko saloo ndlela silula: indlu akufuneki ifune amandla amaninzi ukuze ihlale ikhululekile.
Kwaye intuthuzelo ligama elibalulekileyo. Hayi “ukugcina imali” (nangona inceda), kwaye hayi “ukuphawula isiqinisekiso.” Intuthuzelo njengakwi: ubushushu obuzinzileyo, akukho magumbi anomoya obandayo, iindawo ezibandayo ezimbalwa, kunye nomoya wangaphakathi ongaziva ngathi uphelelwe lixesha.
Umoya womoya osebenzisa umatshini kunye nokubuyisela ubushushu yinxalenye yoko. Kuvakala ngathi kubuchwephesha, kodwa amava aphilayo aqhelekile: umoya omtsha ungena ngaphandle kokulahla ubushushu bakho bonke ngefestile. Xa kwenziwe kakuhle, awusayi kuqaphela - yiyo kanye loo nto ibalulekileyo.
Solar thermal ixhasa amanzi ashushu (kwaye inokunika inkxaso yokufudumeza), kwaye kukho indlela esebenzisekayo nesetyenziswa ngabantu abadala ngamanzi: ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi emvula kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka kwindawo leyo. Leyo yinkcukacha engaveli kwi-Instagram scroll ekhawulezileyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sizimisele malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini "ukugcinwa".
Izixhobo: azisebenzi kakuhle kuphela, kodwa zisempilweni
Kulapho iCasa EntreEncinas inomdla khona kunekhaya eliqhelekileyo "elisebenza kakuhle".
Kukho ukwakhiwa kwamaplanga, ukhetho lwendalo lokukhusela ubushushu olufana ukhokho, kwaye isiphelo sayo sifana nelayimu efanela ummandla kwaye ifanele indlela yokuphefumla ethe kratya. Kukwakho ne luhlaza uphahla, olunceda ngamanzi emvula, microclimate, yaye melela.
ICasa Entreencinas ngenceba kaDuque noZamora
Ngaphakathi, izinto ezikhethiweyo azixhomekekanga kwizinto ezenziweyo nezinetyhefu eninzi ezisasetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo. Iifloor zendalo ezifana nelitye kunye ne-bamboo ziyavela, kwaye nezigqibo ezincinci - njengokuphepha i-PVC kwiimpahla zangaphakathi ezithambileyo - zikuxelela ukuba oku bekungekuko nje ukufezekisa amanani amandla. Bekungokudala ikhaya elikhaphukhaphu emhlabeni kwaye lilungele ukuhlala kulo.
Kutheni le projekthi ifanele ukuqwalaselwa
Uninzi "lwezindlu zendalo" ziphela zibonakala ngathi zizama ukungqina ingongoma ethile. I-Casa EntreEncinas ayikwenzi oko. Ayithethi ukukhwaza. Igwetywe kakuhle nje.
Isebenza kunye nethambeka. Ihlonipha imi-oki. Isebenzisa ingcamango yengingqi (igalari) njengoyilo lokwenyani lwemozulu. Kwaye yakhiwe kumgangatho wokusebenza owenza intuthuzelo ibe yinto eqhelekileyo, kungekhona into oyisukelayo ngolawulo lokufudumeza.
Ukuba ufuna umzekelo ocacileyo apho iPassivhaus kunye ne-bioconstruction zidibana khona ngendlela esavakala ngathi yindlu efanelekileyo - yile.
Izakhiwo Ezizinzileyo zasePraxis
Izakhiwo zePraxis Resilient yinkampani yobunjineli kunye neengcebiso, eseBarcelona, eSpain. IPraxis inceda ekudaleni izakhiwo ezisempilweni, ezingenakhabhoni ininzi, ezisebenza kakuhle, ezikhululekileyo ezinomgangatho womoya ogqwesileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane okusebenza kancinci phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezimbi.
Banceda abathengi babo ukuba banciphise kakhulu iindleko zabo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezihlaziyekayo nezisempilweni kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza, ukupholisa, amanzi ashushu kunye nokungenisa umoya ezisebenza kakuhle.
UPraxis usebenze kwizindlu zabantu abadala ezibizwa ngokuba yiPassivehouse, iiyunithi zeentsapho ezininzi kunye neeprojekthi zokuhlala ezininzi.
Umzekelo, I-El Niu (iNest ngesiCatalan) sisakhiwo sokuqala sase-Andorra esineendawo zokuhlala ezininzi esineziqinisekiso zePassivhaus Plus., kwaye yaqinisekiswa yi-Oliver Style yePraxis Resilient Buildings, eyaphuhliswa nguLluis Lopez Castro wePropietats y Gestió, kwaye yayiyilwe ngu-Antoni Martí.
Ingaphandle le-El Niu livela kwiPraxis Resilient Buildings
Abakhi bezindlu abangasebenziyo eSpain
Eli nqaku lihlaziywa njengoko sifumanisa abakhi bezindlu abangasebenziyo eSpain.
I-Templeton ithatha imigaqo ye-Passive House-i-Constructive Voices
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